Shakespeare and Women vs. Society and Queen Elizabeth Essay

Through the ages, women have always had a powerful role, whether or not it was recognized by society. They cook, clean, give birth, and nurture which all are more than necessary jobs. However, also throughout the ages, women have been separated by society and seen as a lesser being and not being granted the same rights and equality as men. Specifically this can be seen in the Elizabethan age. Queen Elizabeth fought for women to be seen as equals to men through her reign. But in loving the theatre, she never allowed women to be on the stage; forcing men to play the role of men and women makes her ideals and societys hypocritical. William Shakespeare writes using strong women characters, such as Katherine Minola and Juliet Capulet, to†¦show more content†¦I say, a devil. Thinkest thou, Hortensio, though her father be very rich, any man is so very a fool to be married to hell? (1.1) With this, William Shakespeare acknowledges the fact that there is a double standard between men and women far beyond his time. Through his many plays he sends the message that there is more to a woman than to cook and clean. A woman can be strong and powerful over a man such as Lady Macbeth. A woman can be angry and fearsome such as Katherine Minola. A woman can make decisions, have an opinion, and sacrifice her own life such as Juliet Capulet. The fact that women were not allowed to play this strong and independent role handed to them by William Shakespeare onstage forms a kind of oxymoron. Society applauded Shakespeare for the mastermind of writing that he was but they did not acknowledge how he saw women in the highest standard and how important they were to men everywhere. He saw strong women, though they were chained down by the rules and expectations of society, in everyday roles. Though some men saw and appreciated women for what capabilities they had, this was not true for the rest of society. During the Elizabethan era, there were many restrictions on women in everyd ay life. Women had the capability to be intelligent and make their own decisions, but it was always socially unacceptable. Were a women to not act and dress the part of a proper lady, sheShow MoreRelatedThe Effect of Caesar and Cleopatras Affair on Calpurnia2928 Words   |  12 Pages599 Paper IV Project The Effects of the Affair of Caesar and Cleopatra on Calpurnia ------------------------------------------------- Introduction After Hatshepsut, Cleopatra was the only Queen of Egypt who was seriously referred to as â€Å"Pharaoh†. The torrid love affair between one of the highest regarded Queens in history and that of the phenomenal Julius Caesar is considered to be one of the most romantic and grand ones in the world. Cecil B. 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African Lion Facts Habitat, Diet, Behavior

Throughout history, the African lion (Panthera leo) has represented courage and strength. The cat is easily recognized both by its roar and the males mane. Lions, which live in groups called prides, are the most social cats. The size of a pride depends on food availability, but a typical group includes three males, a dozen females, and their cubs. Fast Facts: African Lion Scientific Name: Panthera leoCommon Name: LionBasic Animal Group: MammalSize: 4.5-6.5 feet body; 26-40 inch tailWeight: 265-420 poundsLifespan: 10-14 yearsDiet: CarnivoreHabitat: Sub-Saharan AfricaPopulation: 20,000Conservation Status: Vulnerable Description The lion is the only cat exhibiting sexual dimorphism, which means that male and females lions look different from each other. Males are larger than females (lionesses). A lions body ranges in length from 4.5 to 6.5 feet, with a 26 to 40 inch tail. Weight runs between 265 to 420 pounds. Lion cubs have dark spots on their coat when they are born, which fade until only faint belly spots remain in adulthood. Adult lions range in color from buff to gray to various shades of brown. Both males and females are powerful, muscular cats with rounded heads and ears. Only adult male lions display a brown, rust, or black mane, which extends down the neck and chest. Only males have dark tail tufts, which conceal tail bone spurs in some specimens. White lions occur rarely in the wild. The white coat is caused by a double recessive allele. White lions are not albino animals. They have normal-colored skin and eyes. The lion is the only cat with different appearances for males and females. claudialothering / Getty Images Habitat and Distribution The lion may be called the king of the jungle, but its actually absent from rainforests. Instead, this cat prefers the grassy plains, savannas, and scrubland of sub-Saharan Africa. The Asiatic lion lives in Gir Forest National Park in India, but its habitat only includes the savanna and scrub forest areas. Diet Lions are hypercarnivores, which means their diet consists of more that 70% meat. African lions prefer to hunt large ungulates, including zebra, African buffalo, gemsbok, giraffe, and wildebeest. They avoid very large (elephant, rhinoceros, hippopotamus) and very small (hare, monkey, hyrax, dik-dik) prey, but will take domestic livestock. A single lion can take down prey twice its size. In prides, lionesses hunt cooperatively, stalking from more than one direction to capture fleeing animals. Lions kill either by strangling their prey or by enclosing its mouth and nostrils to suffocate it. Usually, prey is consumed at the hunting site. Lions often lose their kills to hyenas and sometimes to crocodiles. While the lion is an apex predator, it falls prey to humans. Cubs are often killed by hyenas, wild dogs, and leopards. Behavior Lions sleep for 16 to 20 hours a day. They most often hunt at dawn or dusk, but can adapt to their prey to change their schedule. They communicate using vocalizations, head rubbing, licking, facial expressions, chemical marking, and visual marking. Lions are known for their fierce roar, but may also growl, meow, snarl, and purr. When lions and other cats rub heads, they exchange scent markers. Verà ³nica Paradinas Duro / Getty Images Reproduction and Offspring Lions are sexually mature at about three years of age, although males tend to be four or five years old before winning a challenge and joining a pride. When a new male takes over a pride, he usually kills the youngest generation of cubs and evicts the adolescents. Lionesses are polyestrous, which means they can mate at any time of year. They go into heat either when their cubs are weaned or when they are all killed. As with other cats, the male lions penis has backward-pointing spines that stimulate the lioness to ovulate during mating. After a gestation period of about 110 days, the female gives birth to one to four cubs. In some prides, the female gives birth to her cubs in a secluded den and hunts alone until the cubs are six to eight weeks of age. In other prides, one lioness cares for all the cubs while the others go hunting. Females fiercely defend cubs within their pride. Males tolerate their cubs, but dont always defend them. About 80% of cubs die, but those that survive to adulthood may live to be 10 to 14 years of age. Most adult lions are killed by humans or other lions, although some succumb to injuries sustained while hunting. Lion cubs are spotted. Image captured by Joanne Hedger / Getty Images Conservation Status The lion is listed as vulnerable on the IUCN Red List. The wild population decreased in numbers approximately 43% from 1993 to 2014. The 2014 census estimated about 7500 wild lions remained, but the numbers have continued to decline since that time. Although lions can tolerate a wide range of habitats, they are threatened because people continue to kill them and because of prey depletion. Humans kill lions to protect livestock, out of fear of human endangerment, and for illegal trade. Prey are threatened by increased commercialization of bushmeat and habitat loss. In some areas, trophy hunting has helped preserve lion populations, while it has contributed to the species decline in other regions. African Lion Versus Asiatic Lion Male Asiatic lions have smaller manes than African lions. World of nature / Getty Images Recent phylogenetic studies indicate that lions shouldnt really be categorized as African and Asian. However, cats living in the two regions do display different appearances and behaviors. From a genetic standpoint, the main difference is that African lions have one infraorbital foramen (hole in the skull for nerves and blood vessels to the eyes), while Asian lions have a bifurcated infraorbital foramen. African lions are larger cats, with thicker and longer manes and shorter tail tufts than Asian lions. An Asiatic lion has a longitudinal fold of skin along its belly that is lacking in African lions. Pride composition differs between the two types of lions, too. This most likely results from the fact that the lions are different sizes and hunt different types of prey. Lion Hybrids Liger (Panthera leo Panthera tigris) in zoo, Siberia, Russia. Denis Ukhov / Getty Images Lions are closely related to tigers, snow leopards, jaguars, and leopards. They can interbreed with other species to create hybrids cats: Liger: Cross between a male lion and a tigress. Ligers are larger than lions or tigers. Male ligers are sterile, but many female ligers are fertile.Tigon or Tiglon: Cross between a lioness and a male tiger. Tigons are typically smaller than either parent.Leopon: Cross between a lioness and a male leopard. The head resembles a lions, while the body is that of a leopard. Because of the focus on conserving genes from lions, tigers, and leopards, hybridization is discouraged. Hybrids are primarily seen in private menageries. Sources Barnett, R. et al. Revealing the maternal demographic history of Panthera leo using ancient DNA and a spatially explicit genealogical analysis. BMC Evolutionary Biology 14:70, 2014. Heinsohn, R.; C. Packer. Complex cooperative strategies in group-territorial African lions. Science. 269 (5228): 1260–62, 1995. doi:10.1126/science.7652573Macdonald, David. The Encyclopedia of Mammals. New York: Facts on File. p. 31, 1984. ISBN 0-87196-871-1.Makacha, S. and G. B. Schaller. Observations on lions in the Lake Manyara National Park, Tanzania. African Journal of Ecology. 7 (1): 99–103, 1962. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2028.1969.tb01198.xWozencraft, W.C. Panthera leo. In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 546, 2005. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0.

Biography of William Bligh, Captain of the HMS Bounty

William Bligh (September 9, 1754–December 7, 1817) was a British mariner who had the bad luck, timing and temperament to be aboard two ships—HMS Bounty in 1789 and the HMS Director in 1791—on which the crew mutinied. Accounted in his own time as hero, villain, and then a hero, he retired as a Vice-Admiral to the Lambeth district in London and died peacefully. Fast Facts: William Bligh Known For: Captain of the HMS Bounty during the 1789 mutinyBorn: September 9, 1754 in Plymouth (or perhaps Cornwall), EnglandParents: Francis and Jane Pearce BlighDied: London on December 7, 1817 in LondonEducation: Shipped as captains servant at the age of 7Published Works: The Mutiny on Board HMS BountySpouse: Elizabeth Betsy Betham (m. 1781–his death)Children: Seven Early Life William Bligh was born on September 9, 1754, in Plymouth, England (or perhaps Cornwall), the only son of Francis and Jane Bligh. His father was Chief of Customs at Plymouth, and his mother died in 1770; Francis remarried twice more before dying himself in 1780. From an early age, Bligh was destined for a life at sea as his parents enlisted him as a captains servant to Captain Keith Stewart at the age of 7 years and 9 months. That wasnt a full-time position, that meant occasionally sailing aboard HMS Monmouth. This practice was fairly common as it allowed youngsters to quickly accrue the years of service needed in order to take the exam for lieutenant, and for a ships captain to make a bit of income while in port. Returning home in 1763, he quickly proved himself gifted at mathematics and navigation. After his mothers death, he re-entered the navy in 1770, at the age of 16. William Blighs Early Career Though meant to be a midshipman, Bligh was initially carried as an able seaman as there were no midshipmans vacancies on his ship, HMS Hunter. This soon changed and he received his midshipmans warrant the following year and later served aboard HMS Crescent and HMS Ranger. Quickly becoming well known for his navigation and sailing skills, Bligh was selected by explorer Captain James Cook to accompany his third expedition to the Pacific in 1776. After sitting for his lieutenants exam, Bligh accepted Cooks offer to be sailing master aboard HMS Resolution. On May 1, 1776, he was promoted to lieutenant. Expedition to the Pacific Departing in June 1776, Resolution and HMS Discovery sailed south and entered the Indian Ocean via the Cape of Good Hope. During the voyage, Blighs leg was injured, but he quickly recovered. While crossing the southern Indian Ocean, Cook discovered a small island, which he named Blighs Cap in honor of his sailing master. Over the next year, Cook and his men touched at Tasmania, New Zealand, Tonga, Tahiti, as well as explored the southern coast of Alaska and the Bering Straight. The purpose for his operations off Alaska was a failed search for the Northwest Passage. Returning south in 1778, Cook became the first European to visit Hawaii. He returned the following year and was killed on the Big Island after an altercation with the Hawaiians. During the fighting, Bligh was instrumental in recovering Resolutions foremast which had been taken ashore for repairs. With Cook dead, Captain Charles Clerke of Discovery took command and a final attempt to find the Northwest Passage was attempted. Throughout the voyage, Bligh performed well and lived up to his reputation as a navigator and a chart maker. The expedition returned to England in 1780. Return to England Returning home a hero, Bligh impressed his superiors with his performance in the Pacific. On February 4, 1781, he married Elizabeth (Betsy) Betham, the daughter of a customs collector from Manx: he and Betsy would eventually have seven children. Ten days later, Bligh was assigned to HMS Belle Poule as sailing master. That August, he saw action against the Dutch at the Battle of Dogger Bank. After the battle, he was made a lieutenant on HMS Berwick. Over the next two years, he saw regular service at sea until the end of the American War of Independence forced him onto the inactive list. Unemployed, Bligh served as a captain in the merchant service between 1783 and 1787. Voyage of the Bounty In 1787, Bligh was selected as the commander of His Majestys Armed Vessel Bounty and given the mission of sailing to the South Pacific to collect breadfruit trees. It was believed that these trees could be transplanted to the Caribbean to provide inexpensive food for slaves in British colonies. Departing on December 27, 1787, Bligh attempted to enter the Pacific via Cape Horn. After a month of trying, he turned and sailed east around the Cape of Good Hope. The voyage to Tahiti proved smooth and few punishments were given to the crew. As Bounty was rated as a cutter, Bligh was the only officer on board. To permit his men longer periods of uninterrupted sleep, he divided the crew into three watches. In addition, he raised Masters Mate Fletcher Christian to the rank of acting lieutenant so that he could oversee one of the watches. The delay off Cape Horn led to a five-month delay in Tahiti, as they had to wait for the breadfruit trees to mature enough to transport. Over this period, naval discipline began to break down as the crew took native wives and enjoyed the islands warm sun. At one point, three crewmen attempted to desert but were captured. Though they were punished, it was less severe than recommended. Mutiny In addition to the behavior of the crew, several of the senior warrant officers, such as the boatswain and sailmaker, were negligent in their duties. On April 4, 1789, Bounty departed Tahiti, much to the displeasure of many of the crew. On the night of April 28, Fletcher Christian and 18 of the crew surprised and bound Bligh in his cabin. Dragging him on deck, Christian bloodlessly took control of the ship despite the fact that most of the crew sided with the captain. Bligh and 18 loyalists were forced over the side into Bountys cutter and given a sextant, four cutlasses, and several days food and water. Voyage to Timor As Bounty turned to return to Tahiti, Bligh set course for the nearest European outpost at Timor. Though dangerously overloaded, Bligh succeeded in sailing the cutter first to Tofua for supplies, then on to Timor. After sailing 3,618 miles, Bligh arrived at Timor after a 47-day voyage. Only one man was lost during the ordeal when he was killed by natives on Tofua. Moving on to Batavia, Bligh was able to secure transport back to England. In October 1790, Bligh was honorably acquitted for the loss of Bounty and records show him to have been a compassionate commander who frequently spared the lash. Subsequent Career In 1791, Bligh returned to Tahiti aboard HMS Providence to complete the breadfruit mission. The plants were successfully delivered to the Caribbean without any trouble. Five years later, Bligh was promoted to captain and given command of HMS Director. While aboard, his crew mutinied as part of the greater Spithead and Nore mutinies which occurred over the Royal Navys handling of pay and prize money. Standing by his crew, Bligh was commended by both sides for his handling of the situation. In October of that year, Bligh commanded Director at the Battle of Camperdown and successfully fought three Dutch ships at once. Leaving Director, Bligh was given HMS Glatton. Participating in the 1801 Battle of Copenhagen, Bligh played a key role when he elected to continue flying Vice-Admiral Horatio Nelsons signal for battle rather than hoisting Admiral Sir Hyde Parkers signal to break off the fight. In 1805, Bligh was made governor of New South Wales (Australia) and tasked with ending the illegal rum trade in the area. Arriving in Australia, he made enemies of the army and several of the locals by fighting the rum trade and aiding distressed farmers. This discontent led to Bligh being deposed in the 1808 Rum Rebellion. Death After spending over a year collecting evidence, he returned home in 1810  and was vindicated by the government. Promoted to rear admiral in 1810, and vice-admiral fours years later, Bligh never held another sea command. He died while visiting his doctor on Bond Street in London on December 7, 1817. Sources Alexander, Caroline. The Bounty: The True Story of the Mutiny on the Bounty. New York: Penguin Books, 2003.Bligh, William and Edward Christian. The Bounty Mutiny. New York: Penguin, 2001.Daly, Gerald J. Captain William Bligh in Dublin, 1800-1801. Dublin Historical Record 44.1 (1991): 20–33. OMara, Richard. â€Å"Voyages of the Bounty.† The Sewanee Review 115.3 (2007):462–469.  Salmond, Anne. Bligh: William Bligh in the South Seas. Santa Barbara: University of California Press, 2011.

The Range of Client Problems and the Helping Skills Used...

The Range of Client Problems and the Helping Skills Used with Clients Christie Lynn Kainz BSHS/305 August 25, 2014 Karis Barnett The Range of Client Problems and the Helping Skills Used with Clients Buddha once said, â€Å"If you light a lamp for someone else it will also brighten your path†. The purpose of helping is to assist others in learning to overcome and/or cope with the problems they face in every day life. Those providing the help often do so to feel a sense of purpose by making a positive impact on other’s lives. In terms of human services, helping comes from working professionals who possess the knowledge and expertise to effectively provide services to those in need. In order to better understand the helping†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Problems resulting from accidents, violent crimes, natural disasters, and major changes in life – such as a move, job change, or divorce – are all defined as situational problems† (Woodside, McClam, 2011, p.137). Situational problems differ significantly from developmental problems because the client simply happened to be in the wrong place at the wrong time. It’s impossible for an ind ividual to live freely without facing any type of situation that can lead to both short and long-term problems. â€Å"The complexity and quantity of assistance required depend on the severity of the problem and the state of the client when the situation occurs† (Woodside, McClam, 2011, p.137). Clients who often face situational problems are most commonly labeled as victims. This is because the individual’s problem most likely developed through unforeseen circumstances that were out of their control. For this reason, it is the human service professional’s duty to help the client take responsibility for their situation in order to make room for improvement. The Environmental Perspective Finally, we will take a look into the environmental perspective. There are many different environmental influences that can create countless problems for clients. The text suggests viewing a client’s environment in terms of layers, beginning with the individual at the center and branching out to family, social institutions and finally global stimuli (Woodside, McClam, 2011, p.143). TheShow MoreRelatedProblems Facing Human Services Clients And How Specific Helping Skills That Can Be Used With Clients912 Words   |  4 Pagespaper, I will be discussing problems facing human services clients and how specific helping skills that can be used with clients. There are numerous problems human services faces with a client. The requirements can range from helping with issues such as, substance abuse, mental or physical illness, caring for children, families, domestic violence, Veterans, and poverty. Also, clients can have a large range of family problems that can lead into more difficul t problems. 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Legalizing Physician Assisted Suicide Free Essays

As I stand in front of you, my thoughts go to thousands of patients in the world today that are undergoing intense suffering and tormenting experience for they have been denied to exercise that one great decision regarding their life. My thoughts also go towards hundreds of medical practitioners charged with the responsibility of caring for such patients. To what length should I go to save this patients life? For how long can this patient hold on to life and is the pain worthy it? It is more than certain that almost each and every medical practitioner has ever mulled over these two questions alongside many others. We will write a custom essay sample on Legalizing Physician Assisted Suicide or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the same breath he or she has also thought of the ethical dilemma involved should a rash decision be made on the issue. The debate on whether physician assisted suicide should be legalized has raged on for sometime now and has taken an emotion twist (Cook, Earleen H., 1982). It is my opinion that this debate should be put to rest. A look at the positive side of legalizing physician assisted suicide leaves no doubt that it is the only way to go. It is the only way to relieve a patient who is undergoing a moment of immeasurable suffering and whose end is certainly nigh (Beauchamp, T.L., 1989). There are a number of reasons why physician assisted suicide should be legalized. The most basic reason is mercy .As human beings, we are endowed with loads of emotions and a conscience that cannot allow us to sit back and watch as our beloved ones wallow in a miasma of suffering, especially when we have the ability to end such suffering. It hence would be inhumane to watch as patients undergo a slow and painful death. Secondly, we talk abut individual rights and freedom, what more freedom would there be than allowing a patient to make that crucial decision in determining his/her hour of death and quell the bouts of pains tormenting him her. Finally, the huge cost of maintaining life in the face of sure death cannot be rationalized. Why should we spend millions in taking care of people in a vegetative state while million others are dying due to lack of basic drugs? (Kenneth Cauthen, 1998) The opponents of legalizing suicide are only afraid of change. Their arguments do not hold any water. They talk of difficulties in regulation, sanctity of life and further state that sometimes miracles do happen. These arguments are just but empty words and cannot be compared to the suffering our beloved ones go through as they try to grapple with the last painful moments of their lives. It is the high time that bold steps are taken. It the time to bend the Hippocratic oath, at least for a just cause. It is the time to â€Å"change the rules† as Jack Kevorkian, an American pathologist and the pioneer of the latest debate of legalizing physician-assisted suicide, puts it. (Ed Newman, 1996) References Ed Newman, 1996. Making the final choice: Should physician-assisted suicide be legalized? Truth seeker. Retrieved on 03/11/07 from http://www.banned-books.com/truth-seeker/1994archieve/121-5/ts215m.html Beauchamp, T.L., 1989, â€Å"Suicide in the Age of Reason,† in Suicide and Euthanasia: Historical and Contemporary Themes, ed. B.A. Brody (Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers. Cook, Earleen H., 1982.  Euthanasia and the right to die:   the medical and legal viewpoint.   Monticello, IL:   Vance Bibliographies. How to cite Legalizing Physician Assisted Suicide, Essay examples

Ethics in Nursing Care

Question: Describe the ethics key factors in nursing and patients welfare. Answer: Introduction One of the important elements of care services is patients consent. It is important for valuing human rights of the patient and their family, thereby enhancing their trust toward the current health care system (Butts Rich, 2012). There are different ethical decision-making models, based on which health care professionals make their decisions. In this assignment, the major concern is, using an appropriate ethical decision-making model, providing ethical care services to the 6-years old child diagnosed with meningitis immediately. Ethical dilemma The major ethical dilemma in this case scenario is the provision of appropriate treatment to the child. To provide patients autonomy, patient consent is one of the crucial concerns for routine practices. In the case of childcare, the collection of parents consents is crucial to be incorporated in the care plans for providing the opportunity of self-judgment (Barry Edgman-Levitan, 2012). In this cases study, the consent from the child is important for initiating immediate action against his health status. It has been found that, the parents child was divorced and his mother was his primary custody. In addition, his biological father is the resident of another state and the mother is not his biological mother (Goethals et al., 2011). From the legal viewpoint, the physicians should take consent for the childs mother. However, the major dilemma is that, the childs mother is a Christian scientist. According to the beliefs of the Christian scientists, illness, suffering from pain does not have any objective reality and when people undertake medical guidance, they have reduced their beliefs upon God (Park, 2011). According to them, truth is the driving principle of life, the healing spiritual force, thus people should face the suffering with the trust toward God in spite of undergoing any medical treatment (Dossey et al., 2012). In contrast, the biological father of the child wants to initiate his sons treatment immediately. Therefore, the ethical dilemma is whether to initiate the childs treatment with his fathers verbal consent or not to undertake any treatment initiation due to childs mothers belief. Another dilemma in this case is, the mother is not his biological mother; so, she might not have that much concern for the child which she might show if the child was her biological child (Park et al., 2012). Decision making model There are different ethical decision-making models based on which medical professionals undertake ethical decisions in care practices. In this case scenario, the evaluation of the situation through an appropriate ethical-decision making model will help to select the appropriate option for well-being of the child with the satisfaction of his parents. In this context, the integrated model of ethical decision-making has been selected (Park, 2011). This model consists of six steps. The first step include, the identification of the ethical problem, the second step include the additional information collection related to the case for identifying the problem and building an idea related to the solutions. The third step is the establishment of the alternatives of the solutions and analyzing the most suitable option within them through comparison. The next step is the selection of best alternatives with appropriate justification and the next step is the implementation of the suitable solution related actions (Park et al., 2012). The final step is the evaluation of effects of decision-related actions. Resolving dilemma According to the steps of integrated ethical decision-making model, the ethical dilemma in this case can be resolved. Following the steps in the model, the first step would be the identification of the problem. Here, the key problem is the collection of ethical consent for initiating treatment for the child from his mother or starting the care activities without her consent. The next step in the decision-making model is to collect additional information for developing solutions. In this case, patient assessment is important (Fowler, 2012). After assessment, the medical staffs should undertake a thorough conversation with his father and mother. It has been revealed that, his mother is not his biological mother and she is a Christian scientist and her beliefs that, as his son is undergoing a critical disease, he should not show disrespect toward god by undergoing through medical treatment, rather he should show respect toward god by suffering from the disease. On the other hand, his bi ological father wants to start his treatment immediately. The next step is development of alternatives; there are two alternatives, either physician should convince her mother through effective communication and wait for her mothers consent or they should start treatment without her mothers consent which does not sound ethical, as she has the childs custody (Ulrich, 2012). In the next step, analyzing the alternatives, it has been evaluated that, the most suitable option is to undertake effective communication for convincing the childs mother about the severity of meningitis and consequences of neglecting the initial treatment and taking her consent after that. In the next step, a conversation session was arranged for his mother, where she has been communicated about his childs health status and the importance of initiating care. She has also been convinced that, no one shows disrespect toward god while undergoing medical treatment (Park, 2011). While evaluating the results, it has been found that, the mother is convinced and provided consent for starting the care program. Dialog for family The child is undergoing a serious disease, the infection in his brain with the harmful pathogen S. pneumonia. In this case, the child can improve his health status as soon as possible and his treatment will be initiated; otherwise, his brain can be severely affected. The medical treatment is crucial for improving any kind of health illness (Butts Rich, 2012). Medical treatment is important for eliminating the causative agents of the disease. In this case, it is also a crucial point that, undergoing medical treatment is not the means of showing disrespect to god. A person cannot get recovery from an illness without undergoing medical treatment by only showing respect to god. Additionally, it is the right of every human being to get appropriate treatment against illness. It will be an inhuman action, if someone is hindering the medical treatment and the consequences can be fatal (Park, 2011). Therefore, for improving the health outcomes of the child, the family should show trust and r espect toward both the medical treatment and God. It will be helpful for their child to be recovered as soon as possible. Conclusion Ethics is one of the key factors in nursing and patients welfare. In nursing, the ethical decision-making is important for incorporating fair and justice in the health care practices. Every person has the right to gain appropriate medical support to get health welfare. This assignment highlighted how the ethical decision-making with the help inappropriate ethical decision-making model helped the medical professionals to undertake appropriate ethical decision for the betterment of the child in given case scenario. Reference List Barry, M., Edgman-Levitan, S. (2012). Shared Decision Making The Pinnacle of Patient-Centered Care. New England Journal Of Medicine, 366(9), 780-781. https://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejmp1109283 Butts, J. B., Rich, K. L. (2012).Nursing ethics. Jones Bartlett Publishers. Dossey, B. M., Certificate, C. D. I. N. C., Keegan, L., Co-Director International Nurse Coach Association. (2012).Holistic nursing. Jones Bartlett Publishers. Fowler, M. (2012). Religion, religious ethics, and nursing. New York: Springer. Goethals, S., Dierckx de Casterl, B., Gastmans, C. (2011). Nurses decision-making in cases of physical restraint: a synthesis of qualitative evidence. Journal Of Advanced Nursing, 68(6), 1198-1210. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2011.05909.x Park, E. (2011). An integrated ethical decision-making model for nurses. Nursing Ethics, 19(1), 139-159. https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733011413491 Park, M., Kjervik, D., Crandell, J., Oermann, M. H. (2012). The relationship of ethics education to moral sensitivity and moral reasoning skills of nursing students.Nursing ethics,19(4), 568-580. Ulrich, C. M. (2012).Nursing ethics in everyday practice. Sigma Theta Tau.

Report Layout Internet Security

Question: Describe about the internet security and the requirement of internet security in the organization? Answer: Executive Summary This report will be dealing with the internet security and the requirement of internet security in the organization. It is seen that majority of the people are using the internet for a pretty long time that is 6-10 years and are also using laptops and phones majorly more than desktops and tablets for internet purpose. Moreover, the customers are also concerned about the internet security and use various methods for protecting their devices and data. A. Report Layout Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1 Outline of the thesis With the rising internet technology and advancement of internet, the chances of the internet devices getting affected by the virus, worms, Trojan, Adware and spywares has increased to a considerable extent (Huang et al. 2012). Internet Security is essential to protect the devices from the unauthorized poking by the unauthorized users, to maintain the data integrity, data security and avoid redundancy of data. To protect the internet from the unauthorized users and hackers, several steps such as firewalls, antivirus, limited uses of JavaScript, ActiveX etc need to be done (Bisiaux, 2014). This research will be discussing about the internet security, causes, ill-effects as well as ways to reduce it for making it safe for the users. 1.2 Problem Statement With the advancement of internet usage, several problems regarding its security and protection have raised. Through this report, it will be discussed about the causes of the rising problem of internet security and the necessity of it in daily life. 1.3 Research Questions What according to you is the necessity of having internet security? What are the possible ways of securing the internet? What are the main causes that compel you to maintain security of internet? 1.4 Structure of the paper 1st chapter: Introduction: This section will be discussing regarding the theme of internet security in a brief manner along with the problems regarding interne security. 2nd chapter: Literature Review: Different theories and concepts that helped the researcher in in-depth understanding the topic along with critical perspectives are discussed in a standardized manner. In addition, pros and cons of the research topic are also vividly discussed. 3rd Chapter: Research Methodology: This chapter is concerned about collection of data, research approach, philosophy, design that helped the researcher in analysis the topic in a methodical way. 4th Chapter: Results and Findings: This chapter will be dealing with the results and findings of the collected data that will help the researcher in better understanding of the topic. 5th Chapter: Discussion and Analysis: This chapter will be analyzing the collected data through various techniques that helped the researcher in gaining knowledge regarding the topic. 6th Chapter: Conclusion: Internet security is an essential part in todays world and this chapter will be discussing with the summary of the previous chapters that the researcher has tried to research in this topic. Chapter 2: Literature Review 2.1 Introduction Jsang (2014) commented on the fact that in this technologically driven world, the use of internet has made the world very small in size and helped the users in getting touch the rest part world very easily. Now days with the advancement of the internet and increase in internet usage, the security of the internet has become a matter of concern (Gold, 2013). This section will be dealing with the internet security, safety, types of internet attacks, and the need of internet security along with the ways of securing the internet. 2.2 Internet Security and Internet Safety According to Pawlik (2014) internet security and internet safety are the closely knitted terms and are closely related to each other helping in understanding the research topic in depth. According to the view of Wright (2005) internet security is the application of the technologies in securing the internet from unauthorized users and hackers. On the other hand, Ziegeldorf et al. (2013) commented that internet safety relates to protection of internet against any kind of risks and threats that may cause due to usage of internet. For securing the internet and to avoid the redundancy and data loss, protection of internet is essential and internet safety is needed to be maintained. 2.3 Types of internet attacks Virus attack- According to Kim and Chung (2013) the viruses are basically the program that are spread through internet, emails that damages the computer by damaging the program, deleting files, crashing the system and reformatting the hard disk. The viruses generally use the programming language and thereby take up the computer memory that is used by the genuine programs. Worm attack- Clarke et al. (2014) had a view that the worms are the self-contained programs that also attacks the host computer through internet by replicating themselves without the actual host file. The worm causes harm to the network as well as network bandwidth. Trojan attack- According to Shepherd et al. (2014) the Trojan Horses are the charlatan files that claim themselves to be useful to the user but are malicious in nature. They are generally sent to the users through internet and contain malicious codes that cause theft or loss of data. Spyware attack and Adware attack - Schaffer (2006) commented on the fact that spyware is a common attack thorough internet since it gathers the information regarding the search of the customers and delivers it to them. It can be a modification to the HTML package and also is a stand-alone installation package. They enter the users computers through Web browsers, browser enhancements, browser theme and games. On the other hand, Furnell (2005) had a view that adware is a program that displays the advertisement related to a specific website of the users web browser. 2.4 Requirement of Internet security According to Kabernik (2013) now days it has now become a necessity to the users to protect and have security of the internet. This is because, with the rising technological and internet advancement, the crime regarding the internet is also increasing in a rapid pace. In order to protect the computers, laptops and other mobile devices from the viruses, malwares, worms, Trojan horse etc. that are spread through internet need to be secured. So, Jung et al. (2001) commented on this fact that in order to protect the internet, the data and information of the user and for avoiding the redundancy of data, security of internet is essential. Moreover, for the personal security of the users data and to avoid the misuse and leakage of the data, internet security is essential. 2.5 Ways of Internet security With the increase in internet attacks, the advancement to internet security is also increasing in a rapid manner. There are various ways of internet security that are discussed below- Usage of secured Email- According to Hiller (2013) it is a common way of spreading viruses and bringing the internet users under danger. For securing the internet from these attacks, the users shouldnt accept any kind of attachments through email, need to disable the automatic downloading mode in the web browsers and limit the usages if Java Script, Windows Scripting Host and ActiveX in the web browsers (Bays et al. 2015). Encryption- Huang (2012) commented on the fact that for protecting the files within the device, encryption of data is essential. According to Nie (2013) there are certain application tools that are used for encryption of the data and decryption of the same without data redundancy and thereby protecting the data. Firewalls- According to Huang et al. (2012) another method of securing the internet is through usage of Firewalls. This is because; a firewall passes the message sin a selective manner and other messages are simply screened out. Aschenbruck (2012) commented on this fact that firewalls are quite effective in fending off the worms. Secured Web Browsing- Bainbridge (2007) commented on the fact that it is the tendency of the internet users to browse the internet to the maximum and thereby the security and privacy regarding this is to be taken most seriously. Shepherd et al. (2014) had a view that the available tools in the market are used to deactivate the tracking IP addresses of the sites and hence reduces the attack of the viruses and worms that are spread through web browsers and IP address trackers. 2.6 Summary In this section it is clearly seen the different types of internet attacks and the different ways that are introduced for protecting the internet and securing it. Moreover, the need of internet security is also discussed that also helps in better understanding of the internet security. Chapter 3: Research Methodology 3.1 Introduction The research methodology helps in understanding and undertaking the appropriate methods for completing the research in the most appropriate way. However, Ziegeldorf et al. (2013) pointed out that this research methodology helps in collection of data and also focuses on the research design and hypotheses that help in understanding the internet security to a considerable depth. 3.2 Research design According to Pawlik (2014) there are three types of research design- exploratory, descriptive and explanatory. For this research, the researcher has chosen descriptive research designing. Jung et al. (2001) had an opinion regarding this research that this research design helps in understanding the internet security in details and also helps in understanding the influence of it on the users. 3.3 Data collection Methods The data are the useful sources of information and are collected both using primary and secondary sources for the better understanding of the research topic. Shepherd et al. (2014) commented on the fact that the primary data are collected through direct interaction with the customers and users as well as managers. The secondary data are collected from the sources, magazines, journals related to the research topic. 3.4 Hypotheses For conducting the research, nearly 100 internet users are interacted with regarding their internet security problem and internet usage. Out of the 100 users, only 50 of them responded to the researcher and this helped the researcher in progress of the research. 3.5 Summary This chapter of the research has dealt with the research design, data collection methods, hypotheses that are used for the better understanding of the subject to the researcher. Moreover, for the methodical and step by step approach, the research methodology has proved useful to the researcher. Chapter 4: Results and Findings 4.1 Introduction This chapter will be dealing with the collection of the data and using the collected data that will help the company in better understanding of the topic regarding the internet security. The data will that are collected from the respondents will be helping the researcher in further understanding the research work. 4.2 Quantitative Analysis (For Users) 1) For how long do you use internet? Options No of respondents Total Respondents Response % 1-2 years 5 50 10% 3-5 years 10 50 20% 6- 10 years 20 50 40% 11-15 years 8 50 16% More than 15 years 7 50 14% Table 1: Users usage of internet Figure 1: Users usage of internet This is seen that 10% of the users are uses the internet for 1-2 years, 20% of them uses them for 3-5 years and 40% of the users them for 6-10 years. In addition to this, for 11-15 years, 16% of the users use the internet and for more than 15 years, only 14% of the users use it. 2) What are the devices you use for internet? Options No of respondents Total Respondents Response % Computers 10 50 20% Laptops 20 50 40% Tablets 5 50 10% Phones 15 50 30% Table 2: Devices where internet are used Figure 2: Devices where internet are used 20% of the users use internet through computers, 40% uses it through laptops, 10% uses it through tablets and the rest 30% uses it through phones. 3) How much you are concerned about internet security? Options No of respondents Total Respondents Response % Most Likely 10 50 20% Likely 20 50 40% Neutral 5 50 10% Less 8 50 16% Very Less 7 50 14% Table 3: Concern about internet security Figure 3: Concern about internet security 20% and 40% of the users are concerned about the internet security very likely and likely respectively, only 10% of them are neutral and 16% and 14% of them are concerned in a less and very less manner about the internet security. Chapter 5: Discussion 1) It has been seen that maximum number of users are using the internet for the past 6-10 years since the usage of technology of using internet has become popular in these years. 2) Majority of the users are using internet in their laptops and phones since those devices are convenient for the users. 3) With the rising cases of hacking, the internet users are becoming more and more concerned about the internet usage. Chapter 6: Conclusion Throughout this research, it is seen that the internet security is a rising awareness among the internet users. This is done to keep the data and information secured in order to avoid leakage of the personal data of the users. It is seen that there are various methods of internet attack and similarly there are also methods of protecting the internet. Reflective Report According to me, the internet security is a rising concern in todays competitive world. This is because; with the increase in internet usage and advancement of internet technologies, the security regarding the internet has also increased. I have come across several journals that show the different methods of internet hacking and revealed how the hackers invent several methods of hacking procedures in order to bet access through the personal data and information of the users. Internet hacking or breaking down the security of the internet are done through the introduction of worms, virus, Trojan horse, Malware, Adware etc either through email, CDs, DVDs or external hard disk or other devices. While doing this report, I came across the fact that the attacks of viruses, Trojan horse, worms etc either replicates the files, make the redundancy of data, tracks the Email address or IP address of the users and make a blunder out of it. It even gathers the important information of the users an d tries to make a blunder of the user and his/her personal data. Since, with the advancement of the internet technology, the internet security has come under a question, so the advancements in securing the data has also been increased to a considerable rate. I have come across the related journals and articles regarding the security of the internet. I have learned that though the security of the internet is not very easy and cannot be reduced to the full. But still considerable amount of the steps and measures can be adopted to reduce the ill effects of the internet hacking and attack. I have learnt that for providing security to the internet users, the various methods that can be used are by using firewalls, encryption, secure web browsing and secure emailing. I have gained knowledge regarding the workings of the firewalls and encryption of data and securing the internet through the use of these. By using encryption and decryption method of data security, only the users who are sending the data and the receiver can understand the data without redundancy of data or misuse or loss of data. Moreover, by using firewalls, the data and information received from the internet are filtered effectively and efficiently and then passed to the respe ctive devices of the users. Moreover, I have also learnt that by using secured email process and secured web browsing method, the degree of getting infected by the viruses and worms will be reduced to a considerable extent. For carrying out the research work successfully, I made a quantitative questionnaire for the internet users. I questioned nearly 100 users and out of it only 50 users responded back. Through this questionnaire, I came across the facts that maximum of the users are well accustomed with the internet usage and are also concerned about the internet security. In addition to this, I have also seen that the users also use several methods that help in data security and stop data redundancy as well as maintain the data integration. Reference List Books Aschenbruck, N. (2012) Future security, Berlin: Springer Huang, D. (2012) Emerging intelligent computing technology and applications, Berlin: Springer. Huang, D., Ma, J., Jo, K. and Gromiha, M. (2012)Intelligent Computing Theories and Applications, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg Kim, K. and Chung, K. (2013) IT convergence and security 2012, Dordrecht: Springer Journals Bainbridge, D. (2007) Groundless threats and the Internet,Computer Law Security Review, 23(3), pp.282-284 Bays, L., Oliveira, R., Barcellos, M., Gaspary, L. and Mauro Madeira, E. (2015) Virtual network security: threats, countermeasures, and challenges,J Internet Serv Appl, 6(1), pp. 34-56 Bisiaux, J. (2014) DNS threats and mitigation strategies,Network Security, 2014(7), pp.5-9 Clarke, J., Gritzalis, S., Zhou, J. and Roman, R. (2014) Protecting the internet of things, Security Comm. Networks, 7(12), pp.2637-2638 Furnell, S. (2005) Internet threats to end-users: Hunting easy prey,Network Security, pp.5-9 Gold, S. (2013) Getting lost on the Internet: the problem with anonymity,Network Security, pp.10-13 Hiller, J. (2013) End-to-End Security for Internet-Connected Smart Objects,PIK - Praxis der Information sverarbeitung und Kommunikation, 36(1), pp. 45-65 Jsang, A. (2014) Identity management and trusted interaction in Internet and mobile computing,IET Information Security, 8(2), pp.67-79 Jung, B., Han, I. and Lee, S. (2001) Security threats to Internet: a Korean multi-industry investigation,Information Management, 38(8), pp.487-498 Kabernik, V. (2013) More than Just a Game: Impact of the Ingress Project on the Internet and Security,Security Index: A Russian Journal on International Security, 19(4), pp.89-90 Nie, X. (2013) Security Threats and Countermeasures in the Internet of Things Based on RFID,AMM, 380-384, pp.2817-2821 Pawlik, A. (2014) Safeguarding the future of the Internet,Computer Fraud Security, 2014(6), pp.13-15. Schaffer, G. (2006) Worms and viruses and botnets, oh my! Rational responses to emerging Internet threats, IEEE Security Privacy Magazine, 4(3), pp.52-58 Shepherd, L., Archibald, J. and Ferguson, R. (2014) Reducing Risky Security Behaviours: Utilising Affective Feedback to Educate Users,Future Internet, 6(4), pp.760-772 Wright, M. (2005) Protecting information from internet threats,Computer Fraud Security Bulletin, pp.6-10 Ziegeldorf, J., Morchon, O. and Wehrle, K. (2013) Privacy in the Internet of Things: threats and challengesSecurity Comm. Networks, 7(12), pp.2728-2742.