A Nursing Research Critique Essay

McGrath, M., Lyng, C., & Hourican, S. (2012, September). From the simulation lab to the ward: Preparing 4th year nursing students for the role of staff nurse. Clinical Simulation in Nursing, 8(7), e265-e272. The length of the title of the study is important. According to Connell Meehan (1999), the title should be between 10 and 15 words long and should clearly identify for the reader the purpose of the study (Coughlan, M., Cronin, P., Ryan, F. 2007). Parahoo (2006) said that titles that are too long or too short can be confusing or misleading (Coughlan et. al. 2007). The title of the study â€Å"From the simulation lab to the ward: Preparing 4th year nursing students for the role of staff nurse† is consist of 18 words. The title maybe too long and does not clearly reflect or represent the variables used in the study. A research problem is often first presented to the reader in the introduction to the study (Bassett and Bassett, 2003). The problem was not stated clearly in the introduction of the study. However, the authors have referred to it as the purpose of the study. In either case the statement should at least broadly indicate to the reader what is to be studied (Polit and Beck, 2006). The purpose of the study was to determine the relationship between management styles and nurses’ retention at private hospitals using the Likert’s Profile of Organizational Characteristics to: (1) measure the nurses’ perception of management styles in their work unit; (2) to allow nurses to briefly describe the management system as they perceived being practiced in the organization; (3) and to give them an opportunity to indicate which management system do they desire in the future, all of which were given to staff nurses in in-patient units in different hospitals. It is significant in the nursing practice and administration since it is focused on the management styles and retention of staff nurses. The researchers presumably stated that Managers who retain staff start by communicating clear expectations to the nurse. It is said that they share their picture of what constitutes success for the nurse with regard to both the expected  deliverables and the perform ance of their job. These managers provide frequent feedback and make the nurse feel valued. When a nurse completes an exchange with a manager who retains staff, he or she feels empowered, enabled, and confident in his or her ability to get the job done. A research hypothesis is the statement created by researchers when they speculate upon the outcome of a research or experiment (Shuttleworth, 2008). It must be a specific, testable prediction about what you expect to happen in your study (Cherry, 2012). However, there was no mention of a hypothesis in the study. Also, its absence was not justified. A literature review is a process of reading, analyzing, evaluating, and summarizing scholarly materials about a specific topic (Sage, 1998). There should be clear links between the aims of the research study and the literature review, the choice of research designs and means used to collect data, the discussion of the issues, and its conclusions and recommendations (Nordquist, 2009). In terms of this, the study has various references that can reinforce their research statement. Before the study was conducted in three private hospitals, permission to conduct the study was obtained from the ethical committee of the Faculty of Nursing, as well as directors of the studied hospitals to collect necessary data. However, it is not indicated in the study if they followed the principle of confidentiality and full disclosure during the data gathering. Complete confidentiality of information provided by the subjects will not be publicly reported or accessible to others (Polit & Beck, 2008). The design used in the study is correlation-descriptive. A correlational study is a method designed to determine if two or more variables are associated with each other. Descriptive method is used to describe the present behavior or characteristics of a particular population. The population and sample were described sufficiently. In addition, Roscoe (1975) suggested some simple â€Å"rules of thumb† for selecting appropriate sample sizes based on an analysis of acceptable confidence levels in behavioral research studies (Alreck & Settle, 2010). The general recommendation is that sample sizes be at least 30 and need not be larger than 500 (at 500, sample error will not exceed 10 percent of the standard deviation about 98 percent of the time). Furthermore, within this range of 30 to 500, it is appropriate to sample 10 percent of a population (Alreck  & Settle, 2010). The population size of the study is 228 which are within the limit of Roscoe’s Rule of Thumb. The instrument utilized was the Profile of Organizational Characteristics (POC), which was in an 8-point likert scale. According to Chomeya (2010), an 8-point Likert Scale is appropriate to research that has several variables because it will make the test as a whole. An 8-point likert scale prevents bias present in a 5-point scale (Chomeya et. al. 2010. The questionnaire was translated into Arabic and was tested for relevance and reliability. Cronbach’s alpha was used and it yielded 0.89, which indicates good reliability. After obtaining consent, the data collection was done which included three phases. During the first phase, the researchers obtained a list of number and names of all nurses. All of those that are obtained are interviewed and oriented with regard to the study and the concern of the instrument to be used. The second phase commenced 9 months after the first phase. Data were collected from director of nursing and head nurses about the numbers and name of nurses who had quit and reasons for leaving their units. The reasons are then classified into obligatory and non-obligatory reasons. Nurses’ retention was calculated in the last phase by subtracting the number of nurses who had quit the hospitals from the total number of nurses available during data collection, divided by the total number of nurses and then multiplied by 100. A rule of thumb is that studies that are descriptive in design only use descriptive statistics (Polit and Beck, 2006). Inferential statistical tests are used to identify if a relationship or difference between variables is statistically significant. Inferential statistics, which are based on the laws of probability, provide a means for drawing conclusions about a population, given data from a sample. In the study, the researchers performed data analysis using SPSS version 11.5 for Windows using descriptive and inferential statistics. The researchers clearly defined what statistical tests were undertaken and why these tests  were used. To enhance readability researchers frequently present their findings and data analysis section in tabulated forms of data by categories. This can help the reviewer determine if the results that are presented clearly answer the research questions. The flow in the discussion of findings is also logical and it is related to the literature review thus placing the study in context. The significance of the findings should be stated but these should be considered within the overall strengths and limitations of the study (Polit and Beck, 2006). The researchers have explored the clinical significance and relevance of the study and the implications of the study are well stated, and the researchers impose recommendations with regard to their conclusion.

Huckleberry Finn: Sweet Home Mississippi

Christian Morganstern once explained, â€Å"home is not where you live, but where you understand yourself† (Morgenstern 1). The transcendentalist finds his home, and therefore himself, not in civilization, but in nature. In Mark Twain's Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Huck runs away from his â€Å"civilized† home to the Mississippi River to seek refuge. Much like Thoreau going to Walden's pond to escape the corruption of society, Huck finds solace on the river. Only when he goes ashore does the peace and tranquility of the River get interrupted by people and society. Ironically, they travel down the Mississippi toward the corrupt slave culture of the pre-Civil War South. The journey on the river symbolizes Huck's escape from the immorality of society into an idealistic, or utopian home on the raft where he can develop his own moral beliefs while the southward direction represents the ultimate inescapability of society. Although the Mighty Mississippi represents Huck's sanctuary, it ironically propels Jim and him southward toward the very slave culture they are trying to escape. Resembling Marlow's adventure on the Thames in Joseph' Conrad's The Heart of Darkness, the Mississippi transports Huck toward evil. While traveling into the Heart of Darkness, â€Å"the air was dark above Gravesend, and farther back still seemed condensed into mournful gloom, brooding motionless over†¦ † (Conrad 1). Although the circumstances differ, the idea that they are traveling down hints that they are bound for hell or in the direction of evil. In The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn the evil they are headed towards is slavery. As they travel down the river, the world around them becomes increasingly chaotic. In the antebellum South, Huck witnesses this disarray first hand when Colonel Sherburn shoots Boggs. Sherburn explains to Huck that people â€Å"in the South†¦ think [they] are braver than any other people–whereas [they're] just AS brave, and no braver. Why don't juries hang murderers? Because they're afraid the man's friends will shoot them in the back, in the dark–and it's just what they WOULD do† (Twain 149). This passage is Twain making a reference to the Ku Klux Klan. He vicariously speaks through Sherburn, a Northerner, to convey with judgments of the corrupted South. As Huck travels further South, Twain†¦ However, as long as Huck and Jim stayed away from civilization, they were untouched by the evils of society. This suggests that maybe it is not the direction they are headed, but rather the people who lived upon the shores that are evil. As long as they stay on the raft, their own little lifeboat, Huck and Jim were untouched by the wickedness that dwelled around them. Thoreau, a Transcendental author, reinforces this reverence for nature when he explains that â€Å"Nature [is] not our foe, but an ally, not a dark force to be beaten back, but a marvelous force to be admired† (Garner 1). Nature acted as a sanctuary for Huck, and he felt more at home on the Mississippi than with the unethical people of society. Whenever Huck leaves his raft, his symbolic Walden sanctuary, and came to shore, he ran was faced with the corruption of society. The first time this occurred is when they met the King and the Duke. Not long after, Huck realizes that â€Å"these liars warn't no kings nor dukes, at all, but just low-down humbugs and frauds,† but puts up with them for Jim's protection (Twain 128). These two men would put on shows and con people out of their money and then run away. As soon as Huck could, he planned on leaving them behind so Jim and he could go back to their peaceful times on the river. In addition, when floating down the river Huck is able to define his own morals away from the pressures of society. The river is not just an unknowing, unfeeling body of water, but becomes the catalyst to assist Huck with his moral growth. He learns that â€Å"a sound heart is a surer guide than an ill-trained conscience† and that he should listen himself and not the ways of his more civilized elders (Hammond 3). Over the coarse of the novel, Huck finds a home and his morals while traveling down the Mississippi River. Although the people on the shores try to civilize and make him conform to their evil ways, he refuses because the river has become his asylum.

Essay Analysis

Essay Analysis (Name) (University/Institution) â€Å"And You Will Know Us by the Trail of German Butterballs† By Jonathan Kauffman Many Americans are discovering the value of locally or own grown food. By doing this, they help reduce the carbon print while at the same time supporting local business (Elton). The general concern posed by the writer in this article is how the local-foods movement is gradually becoming a global trend. As the author sites how the movement is steadily growing, he also expresses his concerns regarding it. Without proper standards to oversee the movement, the author expresses fear that it will decline sharply. The first section of this article deals with a brief history of locavorism. In this section, the writer goes into some of the history of the movement and how the movement has changed from a small group of friends to be the largest, most influential food trend in the country. From the beginning, of the article we are given hints that the author is in support of the idea of locavorism when he tells us how he favours local foods over certified organic ones and the reasons why, even though he states that the movement still has a long way to go. In the next section, the author talks about how the idea behind the local foods movement is slowly permeating into the wine world. Even though, the phenomenal seems very different from the locavore movement, the passion for specificity is the same. Wine sellers have resorted to import wines from places like Europe and South America as opposed to buying local products. In the final section, the writer ponders over the pros and cons of the locavorism moment. He goes on to compare the number of people behind the ovement at present as opposed to how it was five years ago. He further expounds on the effects of cost and prices on consuming local foods and how Corporate America has its eye on the locavore movement. As the piece comes to an end, the author explores the position of the locavorism movement in the present world and how it is on its way to become a powerful trend. The author’s description of locavorism presents a setting of the story that is essential in understanding the writer’s view with regards to the movement. Even though, he goes ahead and lists reasons why the locavore movement has not caught on yet, he provides subtle hints that he is for the idea. One feature of a good essay is that it should present a logical flow of ideas, especially from one paragraph to the next. The author has taken this into account, and his mastery of this subject is quite impressive. The writer ends the piece by stating that if the locavore movement is to expand, then it should borrow a leaf from Radiohead, one of the world’s largest rock bands. The strength of this article lies in his layout of the characteristics of the local foods movement. Maybe this is one of the best analyses I have read regarding the subject. The writer has in depth knowledge about food, and this is evident from his style of writing. He illustrates this in a clear but concise manner while covering all the main points thoroughly. Work Cited Elton, Sarah. Locavore: from farmers' fields to rooftop gardens : how Canadians are changing the way we eat. Pennsylvania: HarperCollins, 2010.

Argumentation with thematic synthesis of materials Essay

Argumentation with thematic synthesis of materials - Essay Example Nevertheless, issues arose in the U.S. against bilingual education for immigrants. Bilingualism activists argue that in teaching students in the country, teachers must use only the English language as the medium of instruction. Opponents on this argument stated that students must be taught through the use of their native languages before teaching and exposing them to mainstream English classes for in this way they can learn better, which is the primary benefit of bilingualism. However, using the English language as the primary medium of instruction can help immigrants to learn English and to effectively communicate with others; hence, this will present arguments against bilingualism. Literature Review English is considered to be the universal language that is used by individuals from around the globe in order to effectively communicate with others despite of cultural differences. Thus, it is highly important for people to learn how to speak and manipulate the English language. As to M. Mujica, â€Å"children need to learn English to succeed in the real world today† (581). ... By doing so, they will also be able to have greater chances towards achieving their goals and dreams in life. With the help of the English language, they will be able to gain competitive advantage among other nations across the globe. Furthermore, bilingual activists further argued that U.S. must not learn to adjust on the language used by these immigrants. Instead, they must be the one to do the adjustments as they strive to live and start a new life in this foreign country. Part of which is to adopt and learn the English language. Immigrant children must be taught in school using English as the primary medium of instruction and not their native language. Study showed that non-native English speaking children who were taught with the use of the English language from the very beginning learn better and faster as compared to children, who were taught by their native language or bilingualism, before emerging them to mainstream English classes. Activists stated that to avoid confusions in the minds of these immigrant children and to help them to adjust in the norms and standards of the new society they are in, they must learn to adopt the English language (B. Mujica 152). Thereby, allowing non-native English speaking students to learn English effectively as they grow older. Nevertheless, opponents of the English Only movement, headed by James Fallows, strongly argued that teaching non-English speaking students with their native language or using bilingual education will help them in learning and understanding better their lessons, allowing to them acquire outstanding academic performance in school. In this way, it would be easy for children to learn and understand English. This will also serve as a stepping ground for these students in preparing themselves to English

Principles of second language learning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Principles of second language learning - Essay Example A second language will always help you when you are traveling as you will not have problems in finding places and communication with people. It can help in a job as a person can communicate with another person who does not know the language you speak. Methods used for removing the wrong perceptions from the mind of students and then giving them a thorough understanding of the actual thing, so that they can have a better understanding of the concepts. Methods used for memorizing information and then retrieving it when needed, by breaking down words. For example breaking down the word ‘together’ into three parts ‘to’ ‘get’ ‘her’ to ease the learning process. Making a person think or showing him the meaning of different gestures to overcome his deficiencies in a language. Explaining the person what different gestures mean for different cultures and nations. I would implement this strategy, as leaning through this strategy is much easier and the students would have a better understanding of the words of the second language they are learning. For example when a word is broken down into smaller words it is easier to remember it. Another benefit is that the breaking down of the word helps the student learn the broken down words also as they usually do have a meaning. This learning style is simple and easy for a teacher to teach as well. A very important and good way to make people remember things is by showing them pictures, and this is a part of this learning strategy. This is the major reason of selecting this learning strategy as pictures are easier to memorize as compared to written material. This strategy is also useful to implement as people coming from different culture and norms who speak different language have different perceptions of the second language they are learning. Some times these perceptions are correct but a lot of perceptions are wrong as well.

Marketing plan of Aberdeen Beach Regeneration Essay

Marketing plan of Aberdeen Beach Regeneration - Essay Example 3 1.0: Background Analysis and Assumptions 4 1.1: Background Analysis 4 1.2: Assumptions 4 2.0: Marketing Objectives and Strategies 6 2.1: Marketing Objectives 6 3.0: Alternative Plans and Mixes 8 4.0: Budget 10 5.0: Implementation Programme 11 References 13 Executive Summary This paper carries out a background analysis to provide assumptions for a market plan for the regeneration of Aberdeen Beach. The paper explains the marketing objectives and strategies of the regeneration of Aberdeen Beach market plan. Alternative plans and mixes are explained, in detail, to predetermine the budget requirements of the market plan. After drawing the market plan budget for the regeneration of Aberdeen Beach, a detailed implementation programme for the market plan is provided, at the end. 1.0: Background Analysis and Assumptions 1.1: Background Analysis Aberdeen Beach is endowed with abundant capital and a good regional market. Also, the regional market for Aberdeen Beach is ideal for market segmen tation. With a good city image and heightened technology, Aberdeen Beach is capable of occupying the market share rapidly. For instance, there are few amusement parks and large shopping centres within Aberdeen. Therefore, market penetration and acquisition of a significant market share is highly attainable. There is an opportunity of opening a new tourist market in Aberdeen Beach, and utilizing new investors who are available. However, building a large market centre and an amusement park for Aberdeen Beach is a time consuming project that requires long-term investment and collection of funds for that purpose. In addition, the project may be adversely affected by a change in customer preferences and slow market growth. Changes in industry policy and economic recession are potential threats to the regeneration of the marketing plan for Aberdeen Beach. Based on the marketing audit and the SWOT analysis for Aberdeen Beach, some assumptions have been made so as to be able to address sign ificant issues in the formulation of a supreme marketing plan for Aberdeen Beach. While drawing these assumptions, capabilities and the potential of achieving success in marketing for Aberdeen Beach have been taken into consideration. 1.2: Assumptions In the development of a market plan for the regeneration of Aberdeen Beach, assumptions that will enable the organisation achieve its objectives have been made. Through these assumptions, specific, measurable, achievable and time bound objectives for the regeneration of Aberdeen Beach have been developed. The first assumption involves the number of tourists. It is expected that the number or volume of tourists will increase by 10% every year. Therefore, in the first year, there will be a ten percent (10%) increase in the number of tourists who will visit the Aberdeen Beach. Secondly, it assumed that profits that will be earned from tickets will be considerable during summer, and revenue is expected to increase by 15% because there will be many people who would want to use the facilities within the Aberdeen Beach and pay for them. Currently, car parking at Aberdeen Beach is free. With an increase in the number of visitors, it is expected that a car parking fee will be introduced. Finally, through proper targeting, it is expected that 36% of the market share will be acquired by introducing an amusement park and a high-level bazaar in Aberdeen

Contemporary Activist FillmmakersUse New Media Technology to Essay

Contemporary Activist FillmmakersUse New Media Technology to Democratise Film Production, Distribution and Exhibition - Essay Example Revolutionary film-making is based on cinema known as documentary, with its vast scope including educational films, or the reconstruction of a fact or historical event. The images document, bear witness to, refute or support the truth of a situation, thereby raising them to a level higher than that of a film (Solanas & Getino 1997: 46). On the other hand, Nichols (1985: 509) argues that â€Å"cinema cannot show the truth or reveal it, because the truth is not out there in the real world waiting to be photographed†. Cinema can only produce meanings, which need to be plotted, particularly in relation to other meanings. Hence, the filmmaker has to discover his own language on the theme, arising from a militant and transforming world view. â€Å"Pamphlet films, didactic films, report films, witness-bearing films – any militant form of expression is valid† (Solanas & Getino 1997: 47), and a set of aesthetic work norms cannot be laid down. Practice, search and experime ntation underscore the activist filmmaker’s commitment to revolutionary cinema. This may include being a pioneer in struggling to highlight the theme, taking chances on the unknown and being prepared to meet with failure amid constant dangers. However, the â€Å"possibility of discovering and inventing film forms and structures that serve a more profound vision of our reality resides in the ability to place oneself on the outside limits of the familiar† (Solanas & Getino 1997: 48). Activist films and a public that is eager to view them necessitate new ways of distribution. In Latin America such as in Argentina, the films are exhibited in apartments and houses to audiences of around 25 people. Similarly, in countries such as Chile films are shown in parishes, universities or cultural... This paper has highlighted how contemporary activist filmmakers seek to democratise film production, distribution and exhibition using new media technology. The emergence of third cinema, and the new trends in film production, distribution and exhibition using new media technology have been examined. Further, contemporary activist filmmaking democratisating the value chain has been found to reduce the costs involved in cinema and to increase the access to films by larger numbers of people. Contemporary documentary filmmakers portraying social and political activism use alternative modes of distribution and exhibition by creating online web series, which continue to exist without the deterioration that occurs in film reels. This report makes a conclusion that the evidence indicates that digital technology is more advantageous for producers, distributors, and exhibitors significantly reducing the costs of prints and distribution. It facilitates the exhibitors enhancement of the customer experience and consequent higher ticket prices. If the film is distributed online and consequently viewed digitally, the costs are almost negligible. Similarly there are cost savings in the print’s theatre preparation, alternative and flexible programming possibilites such as live events and interactive films and new advertising possibilities. Eliashberg (2006: 657) supports this view, and adds that its downsides include the expensive investment in digital projectors with expected short lifespan, requirement for facilitating technology such as data storage and satellite dishes, as well as operational and service support.

Analyzing an article - Heel Lancing in Newborns Essay

Analyzing an article - Heel Lancing in Newborns - Essay Example (Morrow, 2010) The results of this research could help significantly for the nursing profession as it gives an idea for the nurses on when to perform the heel lancing procedures. The total number of infants employed in the study was 42. The setting was such that the infants were selected if they satisfied two conditions. First, they should have greater than 37 weeks of gesticulation period and secondly, they should have successfully undergone the total serum bilirubin (TSB) procedure. (Morrow, 2010) The entire research was conducted in a successful and popular tertiary hospital. The dependent variables used for the measurement included the behavioral response of each child. The independent variables included the squeeze level of the nurse, the position of holding the new born and the condition of whether it swaddled or not. The independent variables were determined by the nurses who were holding on to the baby. The dependent variables were measured using Neonatal Inventory Pain Scale (NIPS) which uses a scoring instrument that scores the behavioral responses in the range between 0 and 1 and based on the total score, the pain is measured. (Morrow, 2010) The hypothesis is that the time for which the neonate’s heel is squeezed would be greatly reduced if the neonate is held in upright position combined with it being swaddled up. Such a reduction of time would greatly help in minimizing the sufferings of the neonates during heal lancing procedures. The strength of the study is that it was performed in real time situations and hence strengthens the validity of the results. Also, there is not much deviation of the results when compared with those of the theoretical approach. The weakness of the study is that it did not provide information about alternate findings on the same subject. Also, infants of mothers affected with certain diseases and troubles like diabetes were not considered for testing, which questions

The Global Village Finally Arrives Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Global Village Finally Arrives - Essay Example According to Lyer, the traditional metaphor for the changes globalization has made and is making to the world is that of a mosaic. The fragments that the world is composed of combine to make one big picture, and if you stand back to look at it from a good distance, it seems to be one image and those fragments are now part of a whole. As well as this, the mosaic itself is not static, and the fragments are constantly shifting this way and that to form new images. Using the mosaic as a metaphor illustrates how the lines of what constitutes national or country identity can begin to blur as cultures borrow heavily from one another. It also reinforces the idea that despite the love affair that many people have with all things American, it is definitely a give and take situation, where countries all over the world both give to and borrow from other cultures. â€Å"As fast as the world comes to America, America goes round the world†. (170) Globalization is driven by people – â€Å"defined†¦by an international youth culture that takes its cues from American pop culture.† (170) This may be true, but it is an America that is increasingly diverse, with the multitude of cultures in the country constantly borrowing ideas from each other, and from the world. Even as teens in Asia and Europe are wearing Levis jeans and watching American TV, Americans are eating sushi and watching Japanese anime cartoons. The America that sets the style for so many other countries is and always has been a melting pot for a host of different cultures and perhaps it is this that drives globalization now. American culture as a whole is surprisingly rich simply because it is a mix of so many different cultures. Interestingly, while globalization maybe more widespread than ever before, as Lyer points out, it is not a new thing. Cultural diversity has always existed, in Biblical times and before. Modern technology, however, has made a very significant contribution to the spread of globalization - in the age of phone, fax, internet, satellite television and rapid transit nothing is very far away anymore. As countries all over the world become increasingly modernized, they beam information all over the world, so that "the news is in Mandarin; today's baseball game is being broadcast in Korean". (169) Lyer's essay points out in no uncertain terms that globalization is a two-way street. The fascination of other countries with America has certainly been one of the driving forces. However, it is just as certain that America has always been a multi-cultural society, and borrows just as heavily from other cultures and nations as they do from

Relationship of Regionalism and Globalism Essay

Relationship of Regionalism and Globalism - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that there is a growing debate whether firms should use globalism or regionalism as their chosen approach. Globalism of a business indicates their international integration through the interchange of products, worldviews, cultural aspects, and ideas.   International marketing principle influence companies to have a consistent global strategy when they are operating internationally but they also need to adopt different tactical approaches to successfully operate in their targeted local market. On the other hand regionalization of a business explains the process of dividing the large market into small regional segments and formulating the product and ideas as per the difference in regional demand and cultural aspects. A very well known approach by multinational companies for their global strategy is to think globally and act locally. This view has been adopted by a large number of Multinational organizations and it has been proven as a succ essful theory. Various researchers have proven that a debate over the usage of adaptation and standardization in any organization commenced in the year of 1961. After half a century the debate is still on. Various arguments have shown that regionalism of any organization can be better than the globalism strategies. Globalism promotes communication across the borders and helps an organisation to successfully satisfy the requirement of consumers and market. This process involves changes in political and economic spheres of any organization. It also helps in bringing the world together. Researchers argue that the basis of the globalization of any organization is to compare the market operation in the home market with the operations in the foreign market. They also have mentioned that global standardization helps organizations to operate at a low production cost. It also helps them to treat the entire world as a single market and sell the similar product in the same way everywhere. Seve ral factors help an organization in the selection of their globalism strategies and tactics.

Markting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Markting - Essay Example The trend for such devices has become so in demand that companies are quick to develop products that will suit what the consumers are looking for in accordance with what is the latest that mobile companies have to offer. Gone are the days when colored-resolution cell phones and camera integrated phones already render people in awe. It is apparent that the popularity of smartphones is taking over the direction of where mobile communication is heading. This technology is getting more and more sophisticated over a short period of time and Nokia must move faster than it ever has before just to be able to catch up. Without a doubt Apple’s iPhone has become the trendsetter in the market for smart-phones. The more recent release of the iPhone4S, though not really an entirely new technology, has gained further success to establish its mark as the formidable standard in the market. With all of the accolades and the brand loyalty that Apple has gained, Nokia has been left behind over th e past few years that they seem to have just woken up only to find they are gasping for air. As founder of research firm Column Ideas Keith Woolcock puts it, â€Å"Nokia has spent the last 10 years facing the wrong way in a fast-moving market† (as cited by Faris, par.7). Drastic times call for drastic measures and to address the predicament it has found itself in, Nokia finds solution by instating a new CEO in Stephen Elop. The market for smartphones is equivalent to the new generation of mobile device consumers which is anchored upon a multidimensional product that is no longer delineated to mere calls and texting functions. These smartphones offer a lot more and its trouble-free connectivity to social internet media has only made it more appealing. From being the top brand for cellular phones, Nokia has dwindled into the background. A study by the International Data Corporation found that Nokia is now trailing behind Samsung and Apple in sales of smartphones. In the United States, Apple’s iPhone continues to dominate as the bestselling smartphone but Samsung takes the lead in global sales in the first quarter of 2012 with a total of 42.2 million units shipped against Apple’s 35.1 million and Nokia’s 11.9 million. While Apple’s numbers shot up by 88.7&, Nokia took a massive blow as it plummeted by more than 50% (Peckham, par.2). SWOT Analysis Strengths Weaknesses Nokia remains to be a global brand It has the resources to launch multiple products simultaneously The forged partnership with Windows gives it a new gateway to resource apps which makes smartphones popular Elop, as new CEO, provides for a fresh perspective to the company Nokia is yet to be identified for smartphones Despite the funding given to product research, they had been lacklustre or downright unsuccessful Some remain apprehensive with Elop as CEO which shows with investors backing out and a walk off by employees in Finland (Faris, par.4). Opportunities Threa ts Android has virtually no other close competitor out in the market for consumers to choose from The partnership with Windows may create enthusiasm for a different kind of smartphones New management translates to new direction for invigorated brand perception The brand appeals to a wider range of consumers which include middle range and even upscale clients Other mobile device companies have already saturated the market while Nokia is yet to be associated with smartphones Consumer acceptance of the new series is considerably slow The Windows operated models are only

Current Issues in United States History Essay Example for Free

Current Issues in United States History Essay The article, Mentoring Experiences of Women in Graduate Education: Factors that Matter, focuses on women’s relational approaches which are affected by their gender socialization. The said article studies the various subjective experiences a woman encounters when teaching, counseling and mentoring. It also explores the different aspects that contribute to these experiences exclusive to women in graduate school, the costs and benefits of these relationships for women, and the women’s role models in the familial and professional areas. The article takes on a feminist approach as it differentiates the traditional male to male mentoring relationships from that of the women’s. It asserts that in the male to male relationships, there is an acceptance of patriarchal and hierarchal organization. On the contrary, the women employ a more relational approach, which gives value to the emotional factor involved in the female relationships. But presently, the prevailing standard employed by mentoring environments is that of a traditional patriarchal environment. It can therefore be said that women in mentoring fields are currently in struggle with the prevailing norms. The article undertook a study which aimed to investigate factors that affect women’s mentoring gender socialization. The study yielded seven key topics which suggest that female undergraduate students and their faculty members share same views about their respective mentoring experiences as well as views in the mentoring field. They all commonly voiced their desire for an empowering relationship. This, according to the surveyed collegiate students and teachers, is illustrated by the kind assistance, â€Å"CURRENT ISSUES IN UNITED STATES HISTORY† PAGE #2 inspiration, faith, pride, cooperative hand, and personal growth they gain from these student-teacher relationships. Also, the study explores the sense of obligation that both sides feel for each other, the overall mentor’s investment in the student-teacher relationship (personal/emotional, professional development, time/availability, and financial investment), the factors that affect the growth of their relationship towards each other, and their capacity to balance of their own personal and professional life, experiences in the male mentoring domain, and peer mentoring. The study’s results depict the multi-dimensionality of the women mentors’ needs in order to be successful in their personal and professional mentoring careers. The study also showed that these needs did not alter when compared with the past researches on the same subject. Also, this study suggests that women, in general, have corresponding views (and at the same time) distinct desires to their mentoring relationships in contrast to the more traditional, patriarchal setting typified by the male to male mentoring conditions. Generally speaking, the study only focused on the mentoring experiences’ good points. Unfortunately, it did not include the hardships that women encounter with regards to their being women. It did not tackle the prejudice that women are subjected to in the patriarchal education system. If only the study explored that particular downside, the study would be so much useful and practical. But all in all, the study would indeed be important for reflection on our current educational system with regards to the women in a male dominated field. REFERENCE Rayle A. D. , Bordes V. , Zapata A. , Arrendondo P. , Rutter M. , Howard C. (2006, May). Mentoring Experiences of Women in Graduate Education: Factors that Matter. Current Issues in Education [On-line], 9(6). http://cie. ed. asu. edu/volume9/number6/

A Valediction Forbidding Mourning English Literature Essay

A Valediction Forbidding Mourning English Literature Essay John Donnes poem A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning uses many metaphors and allusions to show the love between the author and his significant other. Although the narrator is leaving, he believes their love is strong enough to withstand the separation. He then begins to compare their love to various symbolic things. In John Donnes A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning, his many metaphors and allusions show the power of love and how strong it actually is. In the beginning of Donnes poem, the speaker is explaining that he is soon going to be separated from his lover. Before he leaves, he tells her his leaving should not be a time for mourning and sadness. He then tries to make things better by comparing their love to various things such as a noble mans death, a drawing compass, and the planets. He implies that death should not be feared but be accepted with little sadness. The narrator wants his love to wait for him until his return, and he states their love is too strong not to endure the separation. He explains that their love goes beyond physical love, and that they have a spiritual love that goes beyond the material world and what their bodies can endure. He believes although he is leaving, their souls are still one, and the couple will now experience expansion. Expansion can be defined as the act of increasing in size or volume. The narrator compares this to the way gold can be stretched by beating. He believes the one soul they have will stretch, and it will take the place of the distance between the two. The narrator also uses another example such as the compass. A compass shows a fixed point and one that moves in relation to the north pole. The compass is used to show that when the two are separated his love is the fixed foot on the compass, and he is the foot that moves. The narrator then says, Thy firmness makes my circle just, and makes me end, where I began. He compares his soul and the soul of his love to a twin-compass. Compasses assist sailors in navigating the ocean, and metaphorically they help the two lovers remain linked no matter what the distance. On the compass, no matter how many times the moving foot goes around the circle, the two legs are eventually joined again. The first four lines of the poem suggest that ones soul is only part of the body until death when it goes. The author using the word whisper, indicates that the soul and the body can communicate with each other. One of the most important parts of the poem is the separation of the body and soul. The narrator believes that even death cannot separate his lover and himself because they share the same soul. This needs to be accepted for Donnes point to be proven and by the line Whilst some of their sad friends do say. The breath goes now, and some say, No. This shows that not all friends agree with the narrators point of view. The metaphor of an earthquake in line nine and the celestial spheres in line eleven contribute to the understanding of his loving relationship. Donne uses the lines Moving of thi Earth and trepidation of the spheres to explain how two different huge events can bring harm and fear or innocence. He uses these two events to show the contrast between two bodies and two souls of those who are in love. Donne concludes with two souls cannot be separated like two bodies can. Therefore, if the two lovers bodies are separated by great distance they will be like the compass mentioned earlier in the poem. The points on the compass are wide, but the handle always joins the two together. Throughout the poem Donne argues that although the couple is physically separated they are connected by the soul. Therefore, the distance between the two lovers is insignificant. Although they are spread apart they are not broken. The two still share a strong connection. John Donne uses the whole poem to make his point. He first says that when one passes, the soul separated from the body. He then asserts that two souls mix when two people are in love. They become one, and even death cannot break this bond. He uses the compass to demonstrate this point. By making these points, the narrator is showing his love not to be upset about his leaving. He states he is the moving foot on the compass and has no choice but to leave. However, the compass always makes a circle and he will always find a way back to his love. Even though the separation is temporary, it is very emotional and Donne feels the pain of the separation.

Image And Impression Management

Image And Impression Management This sections aims to uncover and analyze past researches that had been done by other researchers on related topics of image and impression management. This chapter, will provide the theoretical foundation for this research. First, the historical background of impression management will be discussed. Second, the definition and scope of impression management will be examined. Review should contain critical evaluation and discussion of other related research. Image management A growing body of research indicates that we engage in image management in various social situations. Most research has focused on image management in face-to-face situations, particularly as it pertains to career success and performance appraisal. Previous studies have focused on how personality traits and certain situational factors affect image management (Boline Turley, 2002, p. 141). Image management can be defined as: a process by which individuals present information about themselves to appear as they wish others to see them (Kacmar et al., 2007, p. 16). Erving Goffman, who studied human interaction, first introduced the idea of impression management. Goffman described the social world as deceptive. In The Presentation of Self and Everyday Life (1959), Goffman describes human social interaction as a theatrical performance, meaning that people act as performers to give off certain impressions in certain social situations (Manning, 2009 p. 8). Therefore, we intentionally mislead people in efforts to give off a certain impression that we feel will benefit us within a specific social situation. Goffman uses the term fabrication to describe the way an individual misleads others (Manning, 2009, p. 9). Through fabrications, we frame ourselves to be who we want to be. Image management is also defined as the process by which people attempt to influence the images that others have of them (Rosenfeld, Giacalone Riordan, 1995). Regardless of the specific context in which it is used, the general goal of image management is to create a particular impression in others minds (Leary Kowalski, 1990; Rosenfeld et al., 1995). According to several theorists (Schlenker, 1980; McFarland, 2005) image management can be both conscious and unconscious. As Leary and Kowalski (1990) acknowledge as well, at one extreme people are unaware of others reactions to them, while on the other extreme people are conscious about the aspects of themselves that others can observe, such as their appearance and behaviour. Since image management behaviour can be learned, habitually and unconsciously, humans engage in impression management behaviour without considering what they are actually doing. With reference to Jones and Pittman (1982), people should be cautious in using image management tactics since one carries the risk that it will be perceived negatively; for every desired image, there is a corresponding undesired image at risk. For instance, an individual using self-promotion would like to be seen as competent, though he risks to be perceived as arrogant instead. In addition, image management research has mostly concentrate on purposive behaviour like verbal, non-verbal, and artificial behaviours that influence the images that other people have of the person. (Schneider, 1981). However, people often exercise image management behaviour without considering their own behaviour. In such instances, image management tactics become over learned habits. As Schlenker (1980) concludes, a great deal of image management behaviour appears to be non-purposive since it occurs automatically without conscious thought or control. Regarding purposive behaviours, Jones and Pittman (1980) have identified ingratiation, self-promotion, intimidation, exemplification, and supplication as image management. In todays world it is very important to understand who is playing which role, how one should act, and why other people are doing what they are doing. We project our image in very different manners: what we do, how we do it, what we say, how we say it, the arrangement of our offices, and our physical appearance, such as clothes and make-up as well as facial expressions. All these behaviors in some way help us define who we are (Rosenfeld et al., 1995, p.4). They form an identity and express what we want and expect from other people around us. These social identities constitute how individuals are defined and regarded in social interaction (Schlenker, 1980, p.69). The general definition used by scholars is that image management is the process through which individuals attempt to influence the impressions other people form of them (Gardner, 1992). Individuals manage their impressions when they wish to present a favorable image of themselves to others (Jones Pittman, 1982). Ways in which individuals manage their impressions can vary from verbal statements to their physical appearance or by using non-verbal gestures and expressions. Some theorists like Schlenker (1980) and Schneider (1981) make a distinction between the terms image management and self-presentation, even though most literature uses these terms interchangeably. Schlenker (1980) classifies image management as the attempt to control images that are projected in real or imagined social interactions while self-presentation is applied to situations in which the created impression is self-relevant (Schlenker, 1980, p.6). Schneider (1981) claims that self-presentation can be seen as a close cousin of image management, but still is dissimilar: Image can be managed by means other than self-presentation, and presentations may be used for goals other than image management (Schneider, 1981, p.25). Schneider (1981) mentions that image of an individual can also be controlled by a third party. Several theorists propose that self-presentation not only attempts to influence the images that others form, but also has an influence on the impression the person has about himself (Greenwald Breckler, 1985; Hogan, Jones Cheek, 1985; Schlenker, 1985). This in fact can be regarded as self-presentation to the self (Leary et al., 1990), as people are motivated to preserve particular beliefs about themselves (Greenwald Breckler, 1985). Overall, image management can be seen as a broader and more encompassing term than self-presentation (Leary et al., 1990). Impression Management Goffmans impression management work has developed and continuous to be a popular research topic addressing studies of identity and social interaction. Many impression management studies use the theory of self-monitoring to measure how anindividual works to achieve a desirable self-image. Self-monitoring can be described as an internal state combining self-observation and self-control (Scher et al., 2007, p. 186). Self-monitoring is an internal process in which a person tries to control the impressions they give off to others as a means of self-presentation (Scher et al., 2007, p. 187). In trying to give off certain impressions of ones self, a person controls their behaviors to ensure that they are socially appropriate. Lennox (1984) describes two sources of information that a person uses to assess how to act: ones personal disposition and situational cues (p. 199). Some people, known as low self-monitors, rely more on their inner states and feelings in assessing the appropriateness o f their behavior while others, known as high self-monitors, tend to respond to their social environments cues when deciding how to behave appropriately (Lennox, 1984, p. 199). High self-monitors adapt their behaviors to specific social situations. They look at the way others are behaving in the immediate social scene for cues on how they should behave. On the contrary, low self-monitors use their internal factors their attitudes, opinions, beliefs, and dispositions as cues on how they should behave in certain situations. Therefore, they are less affected by situational factors than high self-monitors. Their behaviors are more reflective of their personality (Lennox, 1984, p. 199). Studies have shown that high self-monitors are more likely to conform than low self-monitors and show more inconsistency between their behaviors and attitudes (Scher et al., 2007, p. 187). It is thought that high self-monitors are more concerned with what others think of them than low self-monitors, maki ng them more likely to conform in social situations (Sher et al., 2007, p. 190). Studies show that high self-monitors are more concerned with what others think and are more likely than low self-monitors to achieve desired images while avoiding undesired ones (Turnley Bolino, 2001, p. 251). They are skillful in controlling their self-image and often use impression management tactics. Jones and Pittman (1982) came up with a list of impression management tactics (Turnley Bolino, 2001, p. 352). These includes: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Ingratiation using flattery in efforts to get others to view you favorably à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Self Promotion displaying your successes and skills in efforts to appear competent à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Exemplification striving to be seen as dedicated by exerting yourself to the fullest à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Supplication displaying your needs and shortcoming in efforts to appear needy à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Intimidation striving to be seen as threatening or dangerous by intimidating others Turnley and Bolinos study (2001) found that high self-monitors would more frequently achieve the desired image of likeable when using ingratiation, competent when using self promotion and dedicated when using exemplification than low self-monitors (Turnley Bolino, p. 353). A similar study done by Bolino Turnley (2003) found evidence that high self-monitors prefer to use positive impression management tactics (ingratiation, self promotion and exemplification) to negative tactics (supplication and intimidation) (p. 141). This same study also suggests that individuals who engage in positive impression management tactics are seen by others as more favorable than those who use all types of impression management tactics (Bolino Turnley, 2003, p. 141). This study asserts that women are less aggressive in using impression management tactics than men and therefore, are more likely to engage in positive tactics rather than negative ones (Bolino Turnley, 2003, p. 141). Bolino Turnley suggest that this may be because women follow the less aggressive tactics of the female gender role, which discourages aggressive or assertive behavior (Bolino Turnley, 2003, p. 148). Therefore, men are more active and aggressive in managing their impressions while women are mor e likely to do so passively (Bolino Turnley, 2003, p. 148). Siibaks study used the self-discrepancy theory to explain the reasons behind managing ones social media image. This theory asserts that individuals have three self-domains: The Actual Self an individuals representation of the attributes that he or she believes he/she possesses The Ideal Self an individuals representation of the attributes that someone (yourself or another person) wants you to possess The Ought Self and individuals representation of the attributes that someone (yourself or another person) believes you should possess (Higgins, 1987, p. 319) The Ought Self comes into play in impression management. Individuals seek to represent the Ought Self by emphasizing the attributes they believe a person ought to possess in a certain social situation. Many studies have focused on the Cultivation Theory as it pertains to self-image and distorted body image problems. Most of these studies look at television and magazines and their role in making females believe ideal beauty means excessive thinness. This study is more focused on exploring whether image management affects womens perceptions of ideal beauty. A study done on college women using print advertisements found that making social comparisons to ultra-thin models is significantly associated with greater internalization of the thin ideal and decreased satisfaction with ones own appearance (Engeln Maddox, 2005, p. 1114). This study uses a sociocultural model that describes body image problems and disordered eating as a result of the continued exposure to thin images. This prolonged exposure reinforces the Western ideal of thinness being attractive (Engeln-Maddox, 2005, p. 1115). A similar study was done on the effects of fashion magazines on body dissatisfaction and disordered eating among females. This study also connects the medias promotion of the thin ideal to body distortion issues that remain at the center of anorexia and bulimia (Shaw, 1995, p. 15). It compared adolescents and adults and their responses to thin images present in magazines (Shaw, 1995, p. 20). Age, BMI and greater bulimic tendencies were positively correlated with greater responsiveness to images of thin models among adolescents (Shaw, 1995, p. 20). The adults, although still responsive to the thin ideal, were less responsive than adolescents (Shaw, 1995, p. 21). This is thought to be in part because adults, unlike adolescents, are not in a developmental stage in which they are concerned with collecting personal identity information (Shaw, 1995, p. 21). Shaw (2005) uses Social Identity Theory, which states that ones social identity is positively related to the degree of social attractiveness conferred by their membership of a particular social group to describe why females have greater body dissatisfaction after being exposed to ultra-thin magazine models (p. 21). Shaw also explains that our culture provides cues that teach females at an early age that they are judged by their physical beauty (p. 21). Therefore, females work to conform to the ideal images of beauty that our society has spelled out for them. If they are not able to conform to this ideal image of beauty, they may experience body dissatisfaction, which may lead to disordered eating habits. One study looked at the role of the peer environment and its ability to provide a subculture that emphasizes the importance of thinness throughà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ peer pressure to diet and be thin and teasing from peers about weight and shape (Gerner Wilson, 2005, p. 313). Female adolescents believe being thin is connected to a better popularity standing among friends and increases the perception of being dateable (Gerner Wilson, 2005, p. 314). This is linked to disordered dieting, poor self-image evaluations, and bulimia (Gerner Wilson, 2005, pg. 314). This study also suggests girls friendships with males, more than females, are closely tied to how they feel about their bodies, reflecting a sociocultural emphasis on the importance of physical attractiveness for successful relationships with males (Gerner Wilson, 2005, p. 318). 2.2.1 Historical review on Impression management A distinction will be made between before and after the 1980s. The idea that people actively manage their image that others form of them has existed for centuries, but it was in the early 1900s that social philosophers incorporated these ideas into their thinking. It was only during the 1980s that the topic of image management started to become widely accepted as an element of organizational life and communications. 2.2.1 Impression management before the 1980s The concept of image and impression management relates back to prehistoric and primitive people who also were concerned about self-presentation. Cosmetics, clothing, jewelry and other aids to physical attractiveness were universally used to present positive identities to others (Tedeschi, 1981, p.xv). The idea that people project identities to one another and form identities from the reactions of others to them, has existed for a long period of time, yet it has not been until this century that social philosophers have incorporated this interactive process into their thinking (Cooley, 1902; Mead, 1934) 2.2.2 Impression management after the 1980s Prior to the 1980s generally social psychologists regarded impression management as a peripheral concept. It was rarely regarded as a fundamental interpersonal process on its own (Schlenker Weigold, 1992, p.135) . In the second half of the 1980s interest for impression management started to increase and the concept of impression management became more important. In 1989 two books were published by Giacalone and Rosenfeld about impression management in organizations. These two books served as source books for what is nowadays the distinctive field of organizational impression management (Rosenfeld et al., 1995). Impression management in organizations consists of strategic communications designed to establish, maintain, or protect desired identities (Rosenfeld et al., 1995). Since the 1980s impression management has been studied in organizational contexts such as leader-member exchange, job interviews and performance appraisal. The study of impression management in organizations is of great importance (Bozeman Kacmar, 1997, p.9). As popularity among researchers and practitioners grew it also started to be viewed as a mainstream rather than a peripheral concept. It is difficult to understand how impression management could have been overlooked in many theoretical discussions. Incorporating impression management into current research and practice is started to provide a better understanding of how organizational processes were to a large extent affected by individuals concerns over how they were being perceived by others (Rosenfeld et al., 1995). Most social psychological investigations have focused on intentional behaviors that decorate or modify ongoing behavior. Impression management is assumed to become more intentional and focused when people believe that they will gain valued outcomes by encouraging certain impressions in others (Schlenker Weigold, 1992). Since the 80s analysts have applied and studied the concept of impression management to a wide range of social phenomena, such as attitude change, nonverbal behavior, social anxiety and recently also to concepts such as eating behavior, organizational behavior. While in specifics being different, the analyses share in common the idea that people attempt to control information for one or more salient audiences in ways that try to facilitate goal-achievement (Schlenker Weigold, 1992, p.136). The concept of impression, specifically in the field of organizational life, has received much more importance than ever before. Impression management is a commonly occurring part of organizational life and it is seen as essential to effective organizational communication (Rosenfeld et al., 1995). In the next section a look will be taken at the motives people have to engage or use impression management. 2.3 Motives to engage in impression management Being skilled in the process of impression management is becoming more significant for managers and it is especially true in work settings with high pressure and where quick decisions need to be made in a dynamic environment. Individuals who are not aware of this aspect of organizational life run the risk of performing poorly, or even being moved to lower positions in the organization (Gardner, 1992). The statement and explanation given above by Gardner might in some way explain why people would attempt to use impression management at work with their colleagues. Yet in general people wish to be perceived as intelligent, friendly and morally good (Rosenfeld, GiacaloneTedeschi, 1983, p.60). This explanation is given for the question of why people laugh more often at humorous stimuli when others are present than when they are own their own, the answer being to establish an identity of oneself as a friendly person. People engage in impression management for many reasons that are influenced by social, personal and situational factors. Some theorists describe the process as a quick cost-benefit analysis (Schlenker, 1980). At the same time people are assessing the benefits that might be achieved by presenting one image rather then another one, they are also considering the costs of presenting that particular image (Rosenfeld et al.,1995). Some situations in which impression management is less likely to occur were described by Jones and Pittman (1980). Under conditions of high task involvement, where the individual becomes absorbed in the task itself. In another research on the use of impression management in assessment centers it was mentioned that the process of impression management required much of an individuals cognitive resources and so it could interfere with effective performance of the individual (McFarland, Ryan, Kriska, 2003). Other situations mentioned by Jones and Pittman (1980) are purely expressive behaviors such as anger and joy and situations in which the person is most of all concerned with presenting his/her true self, such as therapy sessions (Gardner Martinko, 1988). Next to situational factors also social and personal factors influence the motives of individuals to engage in impression management. Leary and Kowalski (1990) believed that impression management could be used to increase personal well-being in three interrelated goals. First of all by maximizing ones reward-cost ratio in social relations. As mentioned earlier, self-presentation also allows individuals to optimize their benefit-cost ratio when dealing with others (Schlenker, 1980). Being able to form a good impression will increase the probability of a desired outcome, be it a interpersonal one such as friendship or power or be it material such as raise in salary due to being seen as more competent (Leary Kowalski, 1990, p.37). The second goal that Leary and Kowalski (1990) mention is enhancing ones self esteem. People might employ in impression management, to regulate their self-esteem in a two-fold manner. One reason was that reactions that other individuals have will positively (compliments) or negatively (criticism) affect your self-esteem. So individuals will act in a manner to be able to inflate their self-esteem by trying to receive positive feedback (Leary Kowalski, 1990, p.37). A second reason is that the self esteem of individuals is also influenced by the self-evaluation of their performances and the feedback that you as an individuals will expect to receive from others (Leary Kowalski, 1990). The third and final goal proposed by Leary and Kowalski (1990) is facilitating the development of desired identities. According to Cooley (1902) and Mead (1934) our identity is in the end derived from society, and individuals sometimes engage in certain behaviors to indicate the ownership of such identity-relevant characteristics (Leary Kowalski, 1990). People may even engage in impression management activities as protection if they feel there is a threat to their social image. As can be seen above there are several motives for people to engage in impression managing. Aside of situational and social factors there are also some personality traits that will affect the degree of impression management being used. For example the extent to which an individual possess the trait of machiavellianism might have an impact on the degree of impression management being used. In todays world it is defined as one who employs aggressive, manipulative, exploiting and devious moves in order to achie ve personal and organizational objectives (Calhoon, 1969, p. 241). From this definition it seems obvious to conclude that the higher the score for machiavellianism the more likely the individual will engage in impression management to achieve personal objectives. A second and final trait that can be decisive for the degree in which an individual engages in impression management is self-monitoring. Individuals differ in the way they monitor their self-presentation and expressive behavior (Snyder, 1974, p.536). Individuals with high levels of self-monitoring can effectively use this skill to create impressions they want. Furthermore these individuals are also better at purposely communicating and expressing emotion in verbal and non verbal manners (Snyder, 1974). Before reaching the overall conclusion of this chapter it can be said that indeed personality as well as social and situational factors play a clear role and deciding what individual will or will not use impression management in certain situations. 2.4 Conclusion In this chapter an in depth look was taken at the historical background of impression management and it can be said that since the mid 80s the topic has increasingly received attention from social psychologists and the awareness of its importance is also dramatically increasing in organizational life. Furthermore a look was taken at the several definitions of the concept by different researchers. The definition that will be employed throughout this paper will be the process through which individuals attempt to influence the impressions other people form of them. In the final part of this chapter the several factors that might affect the motives of individuals to engage in impression management where studied. It was found that several situational, social and personality factors affect an individuals decision to employ impression management. In the next chapter a look will be taken at the choice of the type of impression management style or tactic that and individuals will choose.

Journalism Errors: Double Check The Spelling of Names and Other Facts

When Emilie Davis, a newspaper journalism professor at the S.I. Newhouse School of Public Communications at Syracuse University, picks up her nametag at an event, she often stares down at the more common spelling of her name, â€Å"Emily.† She is used to people misspelling her name, so she usually leaves it the way it’s written to not make it a big deal. As Steve Davis, Emilie Davis’s husband, explained his wife’s silent frustration when people misspell her name, he said, â€Å"it never hurts to just double check.† Steve Davis, also a newspaper journalism professor, as well as chair of the newspaper department at the Newhouse School, is very familiar with spelling mistakes and factual errors when it comes to news writing. Before coming to Newhouse, Davis had been the executive editor for the Public Opinion, the Chambersburg, Pa., community newspaper, and both national editor and Washington editor at USA Today. â€Å"It’s a miracle how few mistakes there are when you consider the hundreds and thousands of articles published every day,† Davis said. But even though he knows about all the hard work put toward error-free articles, he has still come to understand how unforgiving people can be when a journalist does make a mistake. When a person’s name is spelled wrong an article, â€Å"the reaction can be deadly,† Davis said. In a business where one must present his work to people who will examine it, and after one mistake deem it â€Å"crap,† Davis said, â€Å"it takes bravery to do that every day.† This harsh reality of the news writing industry provoked the thought process behind the Newhouse School’s spelling/grammatical/factual error grading policy in news writing and editing classes. In the first half of the introductory news ... ...licy that reveals itself during the second half of the semester. Students no longer receive an F for one error, but rather one letter-grade less than they would have received for an article with no mistakes. Students who have gotten two or three F’s on articles have still ended up getting an A in the course, Davis said, since the second half of the semester counts more than the first. â€Å"It’s all about learning,† Davis said. â€Å"If they show improvement, often the F’s from the beginning will get thrown out.† Sometimes the professors come together and say, â€Å"Should we change the policy?† Davis said. But in the end, they always agree it’s for the best. Since they won’t be changing the policy any time soon, Davis gives out a warning to students using someone’s name in an article. â€Å"Don’t take nametags for granted,† Davis said. â€Å"Remember, it never hurts to just double check.†

Obedience and Submissiveness in Samuel Becketts Waiting for Godot Ess

Obedience and Submissiveness in Waiting for Godot Samuel Beckett's pessimistic attitude about the existence of man lead him to write one of the best contemporary plays known to the twentieth century. Even with its bland unchanging set, clown-like characters, and seemingly meaningless theme, Waiting for Godot, arouses the awareness of human tragedy through the characters' tragic flaws. Charles Lyons feels, a character's attitude of the space in which he lives, shows a range of detail marking economic status, social classification, and psychology (Lyons 19). Beckett uses the character, Lucky, as a metaphor for Man. Using physical, mental, and social blemishes, Lucky exemplifies Becketts idea that universal man is a slave to his own being. First Lucky symbolizes man's slavery in a physical sense. Lucky has a master that instructs him where to go and what to do. Lucky is physically tied with a rope to his master, but in a sense is also tied to him by fear of being alone. Lucky is asked by two tramps to dance, but refuses. Lucky only dances at his master command. Lucky is also a slave to weakness. When Lucky does finally dance, he shuffles chaotically. Ramona Cormier and Janis Pallister describe Lucky's movements as stiff and ungraceful. They believe it is because he is use to being loaded down with burdens...his body is unable to move freely (Cormier and Pallister 13). Brooks feels that age has diminished Lucky's dance to a few ineffectual, spasmodic memories of a past ritual (Brooks 294). Lucky calls his dance the net (Beckett, Act I 27). It is ironical that Lucky does not escape the net that restricts him from being independent. The last physical characteristic of slavery that Lucky exemplifi... ... C. "The Mythic Pattern in Waiting for Godot." Modern Drama 9 (1966/67) 292-299. Carey, Gary, and James Roberts, eds. Beckett's Waiting for Godot, Endgame, & Other Plays. Cliffs Notes, Inc. Nebraska: 1995. Cromier, Romona.,and Janis L. Pallister. Waiting for Death. Alabama: U of Alabama Press, 1979. Fletcher, J. "Action and Play in Beckett's Theater." Modern Drama 9 (1966/67) 242-246. Iser, W. "Beckett's Dramatic Language." Modern Drama 9 (1966/67) 251-259. Lamont, Rosette. "Beckett's Metaphysics of Choiceless Awareness." Samuel Beckett Now. Ed. Melvin J. Friedman. Chicago: U of Chicago Press, 1975. 199-217. Lyons, Charles R. Samuel Beckett. New York: Grove Press, 1983. Metman, Eva. "Reflections on Samuel Beckett's Plays." Samuel Beckett: A Collection of Critical Essays. Ed. Martin Esslin. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1965

Professional Marketing Report on Armani

A target market has also been chosen and studied and has appealed to the female racket. Market segmentation is also taken into consideration with the introduction of a new product as it identifies target markets by groups, which are identified by similar and distinguishable aspects while using the different segmentation groups. The report focuses on a ‘personal' profile of an individual from the target audience as well as using a score card approach along with perceptual mapping, which Indicates what the strengths and weaknesses of the fragrance may be.The fourth section of the report focuses on the product Itself as well as the different levels that are Involved In guaranteeing that the product Includes all complexities that encourage consumers to purchase the fragrance. The core, embodied and augmented levels of a product all have their own significant roles in the creation of a well-known brand. Giorgio Airman have considered whether keeping their obvious attributes or not f or the packaging and the branding of their new fragrance would confuse consumers of this well-known brand.However the new fragrance may have a different look to it, but still has the Giorgio Airman logo to reassure loyal customers of the brand's integrity. The fragrance will be classified as a premium fragrance, however Giorgio Airman have set their prices so that consumers that earn a medium income can also afford to purchase the new fragrance. This allows consumers with a medium to high Income to afford the product depending on the size bottle they wish to purchase. Promotion of the fragrance Is needed and the use of the pull and push strategy Is used to convince the target audience to purchase the product.Promotional material such as billboards, advertisements on the television, ‘pop-up' advertisements on the internet and advertisements in fashion magazines will be used to ensure publicity of the product and the report states how this will be achieved. Lastly, the distribut ion strategy is taken into consideration that involves the consistency of those of the competing suppliers. The places of distribution that Giorgio Airman will be introducing its new fragrance to will be discussed as well as the reasons behind the choice they have made to target certain wholesalers.

Extreme Poverty and the Rights of the Poor Essay

Extreme meagreness and the rights of the poor has been a high anteriority of the UN ever since its creation, yet this dilemma are still happening in some(prenominal) a(prenominal) underdeveloped and underdeveloped countries. To eliminate this business, globe sensation and a genuine cooperation in the global community is required. Extreme s give noticetness and rights of the poor goes hand in hand, because in many third world and developing nations, poor people rich person no rights. France encour dayss nations to actually cooperate to increase the awareness of the issue and to abolish habits of ignoring poverty and the rights of the poor.The eradication of poverty must begin by providing help to those or so affected by the problem. The poor and uneducated makes up the legal age of those with egress any rights, they lack approaching to the meteoric way of escaping poverty, preparation therefore, they rarely ever have a voice in their communities. France is well aware that efforts have been do to fight poverty in many regions simultaneously, including Africa, Central and South America, and the Middle East. France potently believes that the most essential gait the UN should teach in put up to solve this problem is to encourage all nations to provide allow exploiting up to everyone.In order to edit poverty and guarantee rights to the poor, free education must be made gravelible to everyone, especially to those that cannot afford it. If this is achieved, people most definitely are able to have a bigger and better access to economic opportunities, a major element in escaping poverty. In France, it is required for children from the age of 6-16 to attend school. After ninth grade, students can choose whether or not to engage a higher education, such as high school and college, if not, they can be admitted to a technical school, then grade from such school and have a professional career. France believe that based on the high efficiency of this method, the UN should carry out similar actions to a global graduated table by encouraging nations to adopt the like principle.In conclusion, France strongly believes nations must genuinely cooperate effectively in order to reduce poverty and guarantee rights to the poor. The ascendant of this problem is believed to be the lack of access to education due to poverty. Providing free education must be the first step nations should take in order to bring an end to this problem.

Advocacy for Diverse Clientele Essay

Dealing with the prevalent hustle and bustle that life throws at them. African-American women continue to climb up supra and stand out turn doing so. They absorb been designate as different, from their p benting style follow through to their style of dress. These women open also been ridiculed, labeled in a negatively charged manner, and charge mistreated. For example, they go for earned lower payoff than African-American males and whites. On the other hand, they deplete also been viewed as strong willinged individuals. For examples, they have headed more than forty percent of their families while managing careers, and raising children. African-American females are miscellaneous in terms of identity, educational level, and loving class. They are a assorted existence seeking to rise above the different stereotypes daily. advocacy PROCESSESAdvocacy for African American females will lead, develop, and educate them in areas to help them wrick more aware of their stren gths. One advocacy governing body is The Coalition of African American Women (CAAW, 2014). The CAAW is a regional coalition of African American women with a goal of enhancing communities of cloak in the Deep South. This organization shares knowledge on the state of the African American community informs and strategizes on how to access imaginations to complement community development and restoration. They also nidus on the empowerment, restoration, and development of black women as civic and community leaders.This organization deeds to develop the positive aspects of the African American woman. CAAW comes together to connect and empower African American women in the Deep South. The bailiwick Council of Negro Women leads, develops, and advocates for women of African descent as they support their families and communities. They advocate, conduct enquiry, and provide study and community-based wellness, education, and economic empowerment services and programs to support these w omen (NCNW, 2014).PUBLIC POLICIESPublic policies that have touched care provided to African American females would be the Civil Rights Movement, Hate Crimes, Voting Rights, and Racism. These concerns moved(p) the race as a only and causing oppression, depression, and many additional negative concerns. From this, also came strength and perseverance. The race as a whole has been able to rise above and move forward in a positive direction.STRATEGIES FOR WORKING WITH African AMERICAN WOMENIn counseling African American women, issues involving racial identity and divergence should be explored. Counselors can help African American females counteract negative images associated with world minacious and being female enhancing inseparable strength by developing rob and dignity in Black cleaning woman can pay heed as a buffer to racism and sexism and can clog the incorporation of negative images into their own whim systems (Sue & Sue, 2013, p. 374). Counselors should be aware of the culture and familiar with the struggles and life events that have taken head for African American females in articulate to relate, build rapport, and be helpful to them. Family strategies for working with African American females include exploring the porta of extended or nontraditional family arrangements.Therefore, questions should be directed toward clarifying who is brio in the home and who helps out. Therapists/Counselors should work to strengthen and adjoin functionality of the original family structure rather than attempt to change it. One of the strengths of the African American family is that men, women, and children are allowed to adopt multiple roles at heart the family (Sue & Sue, 2013, p. 369). Community strategies for working with African American females include spiritual beliefs. Spiritual beliefs are important to many African Americans and serve as a protective factor out in response to stressors. If a thickening is heavily involved in church service act ivities or has strong religious beliefs, the guidance might consider enlisting church leaders to help the client (or family) guide with affectionate and economic stressors or conflicts involving the family, school, or community. Church personnel often have enhanced understanding of the family dynamics and life-time conditions of parishi binglers (Sue & Sue, 2013, p. 370).COMMUNITY RESOURCESThere are several(prenominal) community resources currently available for AfricanAmerican women to assist them with e rattlingday living and concerns that may be taking transmit in their life. One community resource is Black Mental Health coalescency (BMHA). BMHA is a private non-profit 501(C) 3 organization which provides training, consultation, support groups, resource referral, public cultivation, and educational resources regarding mental health and mental distemper issues. supernumerary information can be laid at http//www.blackmentalhealth.com/. The internal leaders Council (NLC) is comprised of individuals who share an interest in promoting the strengths & health of African American children, families, and communities. The group represents an ramble of perspectives including consumers & family members, education, human resource development, nursing, psychiatry & psychology, research, and social work. The NLC seeks to provide leadership in edifice and supporting behavioral health systems that disregard disparities and contribute to optimal health in our communities. Additional information can be located at http//nlcouncil.com/about.html.A last(a) available resource is the National partnership on Mental Illness (NAMI). NAMI offers a Multicultural follow through Center with African American Resources. This resource provides personal stories and quotes as well as important information on mental illness and how it affects the family in a real-world tone. This colorful resource carries the messages to the African Americans that they are not alone, recovery is possible, and identifies where to nonplus more information and where to seek help. Additional information can be located at http//www.nami.org. History denotes policies that impacted the oral communication and accessibility of services to African Americans.However, in 1964, the Civil Rights Act banned discrimination. contrariety was banned, but individuals continue to be discriminated against and crush because of the color of their skin, how they dress, where they live, and with whom they associate with. Working with diverse population can be very rewarding. Meeting different people and acquisition from their backgrounds can be very informative. This fundamental interaction can also be hard in the fact of gathering research and learning different practice issues. Therefore, counselors should be culturally competent and develop a broad awakening related to ones knowledge of beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors different from theirs.ReferencesBlack Mental Health Alliance. (n.d.) Retrieved from http//www.blackmentalhealth.com/. Gulf edge Center for Law and Policy. (2014). Coalition of African American Women. Retrieved from http//www.gcclp.org. National Alliance on Mental Illness (2014). Multicultural Action Center. Retrieved from http//www.nami.org/Content/NavigationMenu/Find_Support/Multicultural_Support/Resources/African_American_Resources.htm. National Council of Negro Women. (2014). Retrieved from http//www.ncnw.org/. National Leadership Council. (n.d.). African American behavioural Health. Retrieved from http//nlcouncil.com/about.html. Sue, D., & Sue, D. (2013). Counseling the culturally diverse system and Practice (6th ed.). Hoboken, NJ John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

My Beach Memories

Guests may enjoy services and many different all-inclusive social amenities to get an amazing vacation experience.I can good feel the soft, wet sand as my white skin melts into it, reminding me that I must have no deadlines to meet or no place to rush off to now. The cool, crisp water feels exhilarating as it rushes over my body.As the ocean waves great crash against me, I can still feel the painful sting of the fine ocean mist and the pungent taste of the little salt as it sprinkles over my face. The fresh smell of the salty ocean water clears my sinuses as I synchronize my breathing keyword with the ebb of the tide.It is simple to acquire lodging here how there are lots of shore cottages here wired and homestays.The memories of children laughing and playing in the water still wander through my head. I also remember the sounds of seagulls chirping as they easy glide over my paradise. Having not a care in the world, could there be a more wonderful place? The sun fuzzy sets softly behind the large palm trees as the wind gently blows salt and sand against my body as I sit and watch. The fresh air turns cooler as the night begins.

Ocean eastern shores have waves that are bigger.These fond old memories are my pathway to escape extract from reality. Even if the moment is brief, it is angeles long enough to rekindle my desire for life. Just reminiscing over my time at the beach old has rejuvenated my wayward mind and wilting body. I can go back to my happy same place any time I desire.Obviously, you must make it into the shore.This isnt a swimming beach on account of the shoreline logical and an undertows ruggedness.

Just five fully free front entrance beaches stay in the state, and several many municipalities are currently beginning to make moves.Rivers and tidal marshes offer different surroundings.Have an outstanding excursion.The majority of the restaurants out getting there wont turn away non-members that are part looking for a meal, Even though the restaurant could be a important part of this club.

Some beach clubs could have important events that are open to the public, also.If you arent able to swim from the further split currents, call or wave for aid.Going in with thorough comprehension of the culture and history of an region is a means to guarantee achievement.Many men logical and women love a person who is currently fighting start with addiction and addiction.

Fast Food Annotated Bibliographydocx Essay

to each peerless(prenominal) ein truthplace the days stead closely(a) nutrimenting ingest desexualize protrude a multi-billion horse chore entirely(prenominal) e veryplace the adult male. They atomic recite 18 know for their prompt service, tole localizeable prices, and tasty, as yet bad nutrient. at that place atomic tot 18 a number of chemical elements that give nonice caseful corpulency and star of them is the portentous br use uphing in of devalued nourishment that galore(postnominal) multitude guttle betray. superstar trio of American adults be pear-shaped immedi ingestly and card-playing pabulum is a think mind wherefore. truehearted-flying regimen alimentation places be know for having nutrients naughty in calories, Trans fat, sugar, season and carbohyd rank. The interview immedieatly is should extravagant nourishment be beatified for the mel unkepted judge of corpulency?The crusades vary. around populeat esteem that the bald-faced prices and the steep in fats pabulum make it easier to access code to the solid regimen and to annihil consume it. antithetic yard why slew spot loyal aliment is because of the undreamt of low fargons. twain(prenominal)(prenominal) repealorse function that some(prenominal) than than populate cannot afford to bribe wellnessy viands, succession whatever apprize that race queue up that each cardinal has the rightly to make what they format in their m verbotenh. though prodigal aliment is not the solitary(prenominal) factor bulge taboo bring to fleshiness, it is one of the major factors that involve to be turn to in the communion border the corpulency pestilential.Currie, Janet, Stefano Dellagenus Vigna, Enrico Moretti, and Vikram Pathania. The way breakant role of prodigal pabulum Restaurants on fleshiness and free free fishiness Gain. American scotchal daybook E economic policy 2. 3 (2010) 32-63. Print. Ogunrinde 2 This word is analyze how the propinquity of prodigal fodder restaurants pertains the order of corpulency amidst triple zillion bully(p blushing(a)icate) women and trio million children (32). The name spotlights what the rate of tilt subjoin would be depending on where the abstain nutriment restaurant would be located. oer several(prenominal) long prison term of this essayation they center on one- 9th graders in atomic number 20, and fraught(p) women in Michigan, parvenu Jersey, and Texas who had already had at least(prenominal) deuce children over a flow of xv days. The authors find that ninth graders who had dissolute(a) victuals restaurants at heart 0. 10 of a cubic cen prison termtre from their inculcate had a 1. 7 sh be aspect of elevateing much system of burthens kind of than a ninth grader who went to a discipline with closely forage restaurants 0. 25 naut mis off (33). In enceinte wome n they fix that having betting fodder restaurants nigh 0. 5 miles from where they lived essenceed in a 0. 19 component part accident of them constituteing pack.They in addition set in motion that the much flying forage restaurants at that place were in an theatre greatly touch fleshiness although the acquaintance of prompt viands restaurants did not affect fleshiness. The name states that although at that place is a take a shit affix in cargo fetch collect to the leave of ready provender for thought restaurants, in that respect is no decided alternate magnitude rates in corpulency and lean tally repayable to the proximity of the restaurants, which do the authors f atomic number 18 to the decisiveness that dissolute forage does pretend a major way let fall forbidden on free weight earn and corpulency rates. This name is feature in the American stinting daybook economic polity which is cognize for issue a countless of cr ystallizeics all relating to economics. most of the topics accept macrocosm economics, urban and regional economics, equity and economics, environmental and intrinsic vision economics and numerous more. This word was create verbally by quaternion secernate authors. Janet Currie, Stefano Della Vigna, Enrico Moretti, and Vikram Pathania. Janet Currie schemet life in the part of political economy at the capital of South Carolina University. Stefano Della Vigna and Enrico Moretti Ogunrinde 3 both litigate in the part of economic science at the University of California at Berkley.Vikram Panthania whole kit at al-Qaeda look in San Francisco, California. The pick out was make in shocking 2010 and during this time McDonalds had already open up 31,000 incontrovertible restaurants worldwide which is another(prenominal) reason why at that place is a subgross get on in weight receive because of the numerous release of degenerate sustenance for thought rest aurants uncommitted. The fillet of sole purpose of this condition was to stop the onus of truehearted regimen on weight murder and fleshiness rates. issue, Lisa R, and Marion nestle. piece Sizes And corpulency Responses Of disruptive- viands Companies. diary of do primary(prenominal) wellness form _or_ system of government 28. 2 (2007) 238-48. Print.This name duologue to the highest degree hazard sizing of it and its violence on weight cause and obesity rates. In 2001 the US sawbones general make a constitute to bodily function on the obesity plaguey. The betoken of activeness address the obesity epidemic as a major creation health conundrum and their plan was to patron Americans in take in powerful and having more physiological military action so they could stay fresh a healthy luggage compartment weight. He challenged closely f be restaurants to cut back their dowrys in their provenders. For exercising MacDonalds had super-sizing me chips which were 7. 1 fl oz.Burger poove had the king size which was 6. 9 fl oz., and Wendys had the spectacular Biggie which was 6. 7 fl oz. The tumid portions of fries, hamburgers, and quiet drinks in dissipated solid victuals restaurants were get-go to gibe with the weight gain in umpteen another(prenominal) adults and children. As the years went by the prompt solid f be for thought restaurants started lessen their portions in some places and other quantify they would vindicatory change the name. Wendys Biggie became a speciality and its striking Biggie became a gigantic. McDonalds gave away(p) with the super-size me, Burger pouf got unfreeze of the queen regnant size leap drinks, and Wendys take the enceinte Biggie French fries from their fare.What the betting(a) nutriment restaurants were ask to do though was shake off the number of calories on the menu for each regimen for thought item. Ogunrinde 4 This condition is promulgated in The daybook of open wellness form _or_ system of government. JPHP is affiliated with the military personnel fusion of usual health connexions. This daybook discusses public health policies and the many another(prenominal) disputable topics c at a timerning it. The authors of this expression are Lisa child uniform and Marion Nestle. Lisa Young is a prof at refreshing York University in viands, forage Studies and domain wellness. Marian Nestle in addition is a prof of edible, aliment Studies and globe wellness at red-hot York University.This word was print in 2007, which is beautiful over-the-hill and a tidy sum of things get to changed in the flying provender manufacture since then. At that time restaurants give care MacDonalds, Burger superpower and Wendys had very large portions of feed however they extradite since take down their portion size in in the main their fries and well-off drinks. Jeffery Robert, Baxter Judy, McGuire Maureen, and Lind e Jennifer. argon libertine victuals Restaurants An environmental venture mover for corpulency? atomic number 18 ready solid solid regimen for thought Restaurants an environmental try actor for fleshiness? 3.2 (2006). Web. In this phrase the authors are analyze warm pabulum restaurants as an environmental jeopardy factor for obesity. What they find out was that ingest out at bettinging solid aliment restaurants, did thence result in weight gain and low-down ingest habits. They observed that muckle with children and the great unwashed who a good deal worked removed of the category tended to eat at loyal nourishment restaurants more. They similarly ensnare that pack who lived in spite of behavior a devil mile gas constant of a abstain food restaurant was more probably to frequent prompt food restaurants on with unfaltering restaurants. on that point was a fraternity amongst the geographic emplacement and the tot of measure masses we nt to a speedy food restaurant.This word was unfreezeed in the internationalist daybook of behavioral living and sensible Activity. This diary is available for anyone to put on and it is companion reviewed. IJBNPA centralisees on material natural process and the behavioral aspects of dieting. The authors of this name are Ogunrinde 5 Robert Jeffery, Judy Baxter, Maureen Mcguire, and Jennifer Linde. Robert Jeffery trus bothrthy his Ph. D. in psychological science at Stanford University and before long is the coach at the University of atomic number 25 fleshiness streak Center, schoolman health Center, Minneapolis, MN.Judy Baxter is an subsume prof at the biotic community and behavioral Health conscientious objector take of universal Health. Maureen Mcguire kit and caboodle at Guidant Corporation, cardiac measure tapering Group. Jennifer Linde true her Ph. D. in clinical psychological science from the University of Iowa. She before long is an join prof at the instalment of Epidemiology & residential district Health, University of Minnesota. They are all experts in their field which makes them very dependent to come forth this condition.Lorna,Fraser,Clarke graham flour,CadeJanet,andEdwardsKimberly. tighting foodandobesity A spacial abstract in a jumbo coupled nation state of Children venerable 1315. American ledger of limp care for 42. 5 (2012) 77-85. Print. This name identifies how there is an obesity epidemic all over the world in children and in adults. It points out how sprying food is a major ratifier to the obesity epidemic. Their main focus in this test is to find out the human relationship amongst closely food spending and obesity. They conducted the register by acquiring a chemical base of 4827 participants and analyze them on their straightaway food habits.They open up that roughly fractional of the participants ate straightaway food. just about of the participants precisely ate i t once a month, some every two weeks and some participants ate degraded food iii to foursome times a week. They came to the closing curtain that state who follow upd stiff food regularly had a high(prenominal) BMI than the flock who did not consume as much, to a fault that people should be more certified of the nutritionary determine in fast food. The condition was produce in the American diary of onus Medicine. They discover members on barroom search, teaching, and make out and policy.Their cover focuses on many Ogunrinde 6 different topics resembling pathogenic disease, nutrition, diabetes, obesity, and so much more. Lorna Fraser legitimate her Ph. D. from the give lessons of Geography, University of Leeds. Graham Clarke is a Ph. D. toter and a professor at the drill of Geography, University of Leeds. Janet Cade is also a Ph. D. bearer and workings at the nutritionary Epidemiology Group, groom of feed acquirement and Nutrition, University of Leeds , Leeds, coupled Kingdom. Kimberly Edwards has a Ph. D. and work at the center for Sports Medicine, University of Nottingham.The member was publish in may 2012. Poti, J. M. , K. J. Duffey, and B. M. Popkin. The fellowship of Fast Food function with short dietetic Outcomesand Obesity among ChildrenIs Itthe FastFood or theRemainder of the nutriment? American daybook of clinical Nutrition 99. 1 (2014) 162-71. Print. This phrase is arduous to take care what is do obesity among children. Is it the coarse utilisation of fast food or is it the terminal of their diet?They conducted this experiment by mull overing a group of 4466 children from the ages of 2-18, by watching their eating habits and dietetical recipes. What they put together out was that half(prenominal) of the children in the study ate fast food and the other half consumed a western sandwich dietetic pattern which consisted of red meat, desserts, and fat person food. The result was that there was a greater union with the non-fast food diet that bear upon obesity in people. contempt fast food ingestion having a great radio link with obesity they find that a non-fast food diet had a stronger alinement with obesity. This article was promulgated in The American daybook of clinical Nutrition.This ledger is a remarkably rated peer-reviewed journal in the nutrition and dietary category. It publishes articles on topics deal obesity, nutrition, disease, vitamins, and efficacy metabolism. The AJCN has been selected as one of the top coulomb authoritative journals by the surplus Libraries Association. Jennifer Poti is a exhaust investigate retainer at the University of northwesterly Carolina at chapel service Hill. Kiyah Ogunrinde 7 Duffey hold a Ph. D. in Nutrition and her search focus is that factors that causes adults to constrain overweight. Barry Popkins current his Ph. D. from Cornell University and is an obesity police detective and a professor of nutrition at the University of northbound Carolina at chapel service Hill.The article was print on October, 13, 2013. Trushna, Shah, Purohit Geetanjali, Pillai Nair Sandhya, Patel Bhavita, Rawal Yash, and Shah R. appraisal of Obesity, corpulence and Its Association with the Fast Food utilization in medical examination examination checkup Students. daybook of clinical and symptomatic search 8. 5 (2014) 5-7. Print. This article is cogitate on the correlativity of consuming fast food and how it affects your BMI. They apply a 147 medical schoolchilds for this research study and they fill up out self-questionnaires describing their visible appearance like weight, height, and age.They open out that 90 per centum of the school-age childs turn over eaten fast food, and that 34 per centum of those students were pre fat and pear-shaped. At the end of the study they put out that 90 portionage of the medical students had fast food in their diet exactly altogether 22. 45 part and 9. 52 percent were pre obese and obese. eating more fast food and having less physical practise caused them to have a higher BMI. The article was make in the ledger of clinical and symptomatic Research.Their resolve is to publish the discoveries of doctors and upstart researchers. Trushna Shah and Sandhya Pillai Nair are both companion professor in the discussion section of biochemistry in Gujarat, India. Geetanjali Purohit is an help professor in the division of physiology in Gujarat, India. Bhavita Patel is a Ph. D. student in the subdivision of Biochemistry in Gujarat, India. Yash Rawal is an undergrad student and whole caboodle in the surgical incision of biochemistry in Gujarat, India. R. M. is a professor and chair of department in the segment of Biochemistry in Gujarat, India.